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movement skills Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

force

A

either a push or pull
- all forces either produce or alter movement
- mass x acceleration

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2
Q

inertia

A

the tendency for a body to resist a change in its state of motion whether at rest or moving

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3
Q

types of forces in sport

A
  • friction
  • air resistance
  • water resistance
  • gravity
  • weight
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4
Q

momentum

A

how quickly an object is moving
- mass x velocity

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5
Q

velocity

A

how quickly an object is changing position, relative to its starting position
- displacement/time

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6
Q

speed

A

how quickly an object covers distance
- distance/time

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7
Q

distance vs displacement

A

Distance is the length of the path taken by an object whereas displacement is the simply the distance between where the object started and where it ended up.

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8
Q

newtons first law

A

An object will remain at rest or in constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force

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9
Q

newtons second law

A

An increase in force will cause an increase in acceleration if the mass of the object remains the same

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10
Q

newtons third law

A

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

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11
Q

impulse

A

change in momentum of an object
- force x time

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12
Q

mass vs weight

A

mass measures the amount of matter and object is made up of (measure in kg) whilst weight refers to the force that is exerted on the body by gravity (measured in newtons)

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13
Q

what is biomechanics

A

the study of human movement

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14
Q

what is biomechanics used for

A

Analyse human performance
Analyse forces in sport
See how injuries occur in sport
Develop injury prevention and rehabilitation methods
Design sporting equipment

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15
Q

measurement tools in biomechanics

A
  • cinematography
  • wind tunnels
  • electromyography
  • resistance pools
  • goniometry
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16
Q

kinetic

A

measure of the amount of force

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17
Q

kinematic

A

measure of the distance, speed and acceleration

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18
Q

conservation of momentum

A

passing momentum onto another object

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19
Q

summation of momentum

A

using multiple muscle groups to generate the greatest possible force.
requires:
- perfect timing
- maximal muscle contraction
- excellent technique

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20
Q

direct coaching

A
  • coach controls everything
  • direct feedback after each performance
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21
Q

constraint based coaching

A
  • modifying environment to suit athletes needs
  • athletes have more decision
  • influences the way people process info, make decisions and move
  • individual, environment and task - constraints
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22
Q

affordences

A

opportunities for action in terms of the specific action capabilities of an individual

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23
Q

purpose of qualitative movement analysis

A
  • identify strengths and weaknesses
  • obtain a rank in a competition
  • for talent identification
  • to predict future performance
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24
Q

preparation

A

what is being analysed, how and why

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25
observation
observing what you want to analyse either live or recorded
26
evaluation
identifying the problem, what is causing it and how it can be fixed
27
error correction
implement of an intervention during or after a game
28
cognitive stages
- make many errors - large errors - do not know how to fix problems
29
associative stages
- minor errors - more motor control - practice game like settings
30
autonomous stages
- maximise chance of success - minimise energy expenditure -
31
open skill
externally paced with unpredictable variables e.g - football
32
closed skill
internally paced with predictable variables e.g - gymnastics
33
define skill
the ability to do something well
34
define motor skill
a voluntary goal directed activity that we learn through practice. Require movement of limbs to achieve goal
35
gross motor skill
involve the recruitment of large muscle groups - more emphasis on force/power e.g - running + swimming
36
fine motor skill
involve the recruitment of smaller muscle groups - high emphasis on precision e.g - finger movement when playing darts
37
discrete motor skills
have an obvious beginning and end
38
serial motor skills
several discrete skills performed in a sequence e.g - gymnastics floor routine
39
continuous motor skills
have no definite beginning or end point e.g - walking + running
40
skill learning continuum
not set in a stage of learning as there is not distinct start and end of each stage
41
fundamental motor skills
foundational skills that provide the basis for the development of more sport-specific skills. 3 classifications : - stability skills - locomotor skills - object control
42
blocked practice
practicing the same skill continuously without changing to a different task - appropriate for beginners - environment is kept closed - e.g - practicing 50 basketball free throws in a row
43
random practice
the varied sequencing of different motor skills in the same training session - suitable for associative and autonomous stages - better for learning and retention
44
distributed practice
involves shorter but more frequent training sessions - used generally by professionals as they have time
45
massed practice
involves less frequent training sessions that last for a longer time. - used by most non-proffesional team sports - more subject to physical and psychological fatigue
46
intrinsic feedback
performers use their own senses to asses performance including visual, auditory, proprioception and touch. - is always available if they understand the goal at task
47
augmented feedback
external feedback given by coaches which can occur during or after performance, concurrent or terminal respectively
48
knowledge of results
specific feedback about the outcome of the task
49
knowledge of performance
relates to the characteristics of performing a task
50
how to deliver feedback
- motivation through feedback that shows progress - reinforcement through positive feedback 'you've got this' - should be clear concise and limited in information as overly complicated feedback will confuse the performer
51
feedback frequency
52
linear motion
motion of body in a single direction
53
angular motion
when body turn about an axis or rotation
54
general motion
combination of linear and angular
55
1st law of angular motion
the angular momentum of a body remains constant unless acted upon by an external torque
56
2nd law of angular motion
a torque applied to an object will produce a change in angular motion in the direction of the applied torque that is directly proportional to the size of the torque and inversely proportional to the moment of inertia of the object
57
3rd law of angular motion
for every torque there is an equal and opposite torque
58
planning a biomechanical analysis
- identify question of interest - determine best perspective from which to observe decide on number of times movement is executed - consider other factors - visual and or digital recordings - consider characteristics of performer
59
what is a torque
the force applied to an object away from its axis of rotation
60
moment of inertia
distance from axis to force applied moi = mass x radius - moi influences angular velocity - smaller the moi the more velocity an object generates
61
conservation of angular momentum
momentum is conserved when the body is in flight
62
things to be kept constant to ensure reliable measures
procedures, conditions, equipment, environment, tester
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