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Phase 1 Cram > MSK anatomy > Flashcards

MSK anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What Thick connective tissue forms the roof of the carpal tunnel

A

Flexor Retinaculum

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2
Q

What 3 structures make up the carpal tunnel

A

9 tendons
synovial sheaths
median nerve

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3
Q

How many tendons are there in the carpal tunnel and give their name

A

9 in total
The tendon of flexor pollicis longus
Four tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
Four tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis

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4
Q

What is the purpose of the synovial sheath surrounding tendons of the carpal tunnel

A

These sheaths allow free movement of the tendons.

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5
Q

Name the bones in proximal row of the carpus from lateral to medial

A

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform

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6
Q

Name the bones in distal row of the carpus from lateral to medial

A

Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

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7
Q

How are the metacarpal numbered

A

Thumb is 1

Little finger is 5

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8
Q

How are the phalanges of the fingers named

A

Distal
Middle
proximal

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9
Q

How are the phalanges of the thumb named

A

Distal

Proximal

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10
Q

What prevents the ulna articulating with the carpal bones

A

Articulate disc

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11
Q

What joint lies between the distal row of carpal bones and proximal parts of metacarpals

A

Carpometacarpal joints

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12
Q

What joints lie between the distal parts of the metacarpals and the proximal phalanges

A

Metacarpophalangeal joints

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13
Q

What joints lie between the phalanges

A

Interphalangeal jounts

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14
Q

What are the 2 different interphalangeal joints in the fingers

A

Proximal interphalangeal - between proximal and middle

Distal interphalangeal - between middle and distal

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15
Q

What are the 3 muscles of the thenar eminence and what innervates them

A

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

Opponens Pollicis

Innervated by recurrent branch of median nerve

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16
Q

How do the different muscles of the thenar eminence act on the thumb and what is there insertion

A

APB - abduction, proximal phalanx. (lateral aspect)

FPB - flexion, proximal phalanx

OP - opposition, 1st metacarpal

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17
Q

What is the name of the deep fascia that surround the thigh

A

Fascia lata

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18
Q

What muscles does the anterior part of the thigh contain

A

Quadriceps femoris - group of four large muscles
Sartorius
Illiopsoas
Pectineus

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19
Q

What are the four muscles of the quadriceps femoris

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius

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20
Q

What is the rectus femoris attached to proximally

A

Anterior superior iliac spine

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21
Q

What are the functions of the quadriceps femoris

A

Prime extensor of the knee

Rectus femoris also contributes to flexion at hip

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22
Q

Describe the position of sartorius in the anterior thigh

A

Lies superficially

It attaches proximally at the ASIS and inserts on the medial aspect of the proximal tibia. It crosses both the hip and knee joints.

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23
Q

Function of the sartorius

A

It flexes and laterally rotates the hip joint and can flex the knee joint.

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24
Q

What is the prime flexor of the hip joint

A

Illiopsoas

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25
Q

Where does pectineus attach proximally and distally

A

It attaches proximally at the superior pubic ramus and distally on the femur, just inferior to the lesser trochanter

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26
Q

Function of pectineus

A

Flex and adduct hip joint

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27
Q

What is the iliotibial band

A

a thickening of the lateral part of the fascia lata. It attaches to the lateral aspect of the proximal tibia and is important for stabilising the knee joint.

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28
Q

Give the names and functions of the muscles that make up the medial part of the thigh

A 
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
Obturator externus

Adductors of the hip

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29
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles of the medial thigh compartment

A

Obturator nerve

L2-4

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30
Q

What are the 2 parts of the adductor Magnus

Give their attachments

A

Adductor - attaches to inferior pubis ramus and linea aspera

Hamstring - attaches to ischial tuberosity and adductor tubercle

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31
Q

What is the adductor hiatus and what travels through it to enter the posterior thigh

A

The adductor hiatus is a gap formed between the distal attachments of the two parts of adductor magnus.

The femoral artery and vein travel through the adductor hiatus to enter the posterior thigh

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32
Q

What is the most medial muscle of the medial compartment

What does it attach to

A

Gracillis

It attaches to the pubic bone and the medial aspect of the tibia.

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33
Q

Function of the obturator externus

A

It stabilises and laterally rotates the hip joint.

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34
Q

How do the femoral artery, vein and nerve lie relative to each other in the femoral
triangle?

A

Nerve is most lateral
Vein is most medial
Artery lies between them

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35
Q

What are the 3 boundaries of the femoral triangle

A

lateral - formed by the medial border of sartorius

medial - formed by the lateral border of adductor longus

superior - formed by the inguinal ligament

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36
Q

What forms the floor of the femoral triangle

A

Laterally - iliopsoas

Medially - pectineus

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37
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh

A

Femoral nerve

38
Q

What does the saphenous nerve innervate

A

branch of femoral nerve

Innervates anterior thigh and anteromedial leg

39
Q

What innervates the hamstring part of adductor Magnus

A

Tibial nerve

40
Q

What are the 4 superficial gluteal muscles

A

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia latae

41
Q

What are the attachments of the gluteus maximus

A

Posterior surface of ilium
Sacrotuberous ligament
Sacrum

42
Q

Where do fibres of the gluteus maximus insert

A

Iliotibial tract - most

Gluteal tuberosity - smaller proportion

43
Q

Functions of the gluteus maximus

A

extensor of the hip and is important for standing from a sitting position
acts as a lateral rotator of the hip.
stabilises the knee joint.

44
Q

What are the attachments and insertions of the gluteus medius and minimus

A

Attach to anterior parts of the posterior surface of the ilium

They both insert onto the greater trochanter.

45
Q

Function of the gluteus medius and minimus

A

they abduct and medially rotate the hip

46
Q

Attachment and insertion of tensor fascia latae

A

attached to the ASIS and inserts into the iliotibial band, which itself inserts onto the lateral part of the proximal tibia.

47
Q

Function of TFL

A

contraction of the muscle tenses the fascia lata and the iliotibial band.
It stabilises the knee when it is extended and it also flexes the hip joint, but is not a prime mover.

48
Q

What innervates the gluteus maximus

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

49
Q

What innervates the gluteus medius, minimus and TFL

A

Superior gluteal nerve

50
Q

Describe the root of the gluteal nerves

A

Leave the sacral plexus in the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen

51
Q

What are the deep gluteal muscle

A

Piriformis
The superior and inferior gemelli
Obturator internus
Quadratus femoris

52
Q

What does the sciatic nerve divide into

A

Tibial and common peroneal nerves in the posterior thigh

53
Q

What are the functions of the deep gluteal muscles

A

Primarily stabilise and laterally rotates hip joint

54
Q

Muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus (EHL)
Extensor digitorum longus (EDL)

55
Q

What is the innervation to the anterior part of the leg

A

Deep peroneal nerve

56
Q

Function of the muscles of the anterior part of the leg

A

Primarily act as dorsiflexors of the foot at the ankle joint and extensors of the toe

57
Q

Where does the extensor hallucis longus insert

A

Distal phalanx of the big toe

58
Q

Where does the tibialis anterior insert

A

Medial cuneiform

59
Q

Where do the tendons of the extensor digitorum longus insert

A

Distal phalanges of toes 2-5

60
Q

What innervates the muscles of the lateral part of the leg

A

Superficial peroneal nerve

61
Q

What are the 2 muscles of the lateral part of leg

A 
Peroneus longus (fibularis longus)
Peroneus brevis (fibularis brevis)
62
Q

Function of muscles in the lateral part of the leg

A

Evert the foot at the subtalar joint

63
Q

Where does the peroneus longus insert

A

It inserts onto the plantar surface of the medial cuneiform bone.

64
Q

Where does the peroneus brevis insert

A

inserts onto the base of the 5th metatarsal.

65
Q

Innervation of pectoral is major

A

Medial and lateral pectoral nerves

66
Q

Innervation of pectoralis minor

A

Medial pectoral nerve

67
Q

Origin of pectoralis minor

A

Ribs 3-5

68
Q

Insertion of the pectoralis minor

A

Coracoid process of scapula

69
Q

Innervation of serratus anterior

A

Long thoracic nerve

70
Q

Function of the Serratus anterior

A

Rotates scapula to allow arm abduction and holds the scapula against the ribcage

71
Q

When are the radius and ulnar parallel

A

Supination

72
Q

Innervation of latissimus Dorsi

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

73
Q

What upper limb muscles does the dorsal scapular nerve innervate

A

Levator scapulae

Rhomboid

74
Q

What innervates deltoids

A

Axillary nerve

75
Q

Origins of deltoids

CAS

A

Clavicle
Acromion
Spine

76
Q

What innervates the supra and infra spinatus

A

Suprascapular nerve

77
Q

Function of supraspinatus

A

Abduction of arm 0-15 degrees

78
Q

Attachments of rotator cuff muscles

A
79
Q

What muscle abducts the shoulder between 15-90 degrees

A

Deltoids

80
Q

What muscle abducts the shoulder above 90 degrees

A

Serratus anterior

Trapezius

81
Q

What nerve has all nerve roots in them

A

Radial nerve

82
Q

What bifurcates into radial and ulnar arteries

A

Brachial arteries

83
Q

What are the superficial veins of the arm

A

Median cubital - inside of elbow
Median antebrachial
Cephalic - head of arm
Basilic - base of arm

84
Q

What innervates the anterior upper arm muscles

A

Musculocutaneous

85
Q

What is the most superficial muscle of the anterior arm

A

Biceps brachii- long and short head

86
Q

Function of anterior upper arm muscles

A

Biceps brachii - flexion of forearm at elbow and flexion of arm at shoulder. Supination
Coracobrachialis - flexion of arm at shoulder

87
Q

Function of brachialis

A

Flexion of forearm at elbow

88
Q

Contents of cubital fossa from lateral to median

Hint: Really need beer to be at my nicest

A

Radial nerve
Biceps tendon
Brachial artery
Median nerve

89
Q

What does the anterior crucial ligament stop

A

The forward movement of the tibia

90
Q

Which bone of the foot supports all the body weight

A

Talus

91
Q

4 muscles of posterior thigh

A

Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps femoris
Hamstrung part of adductor Magnus

92
Q

Innervations to the short head of biceps femoris

A

Common peroneal

Phase 1 Cram (12 decks)

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