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Phase 1 Cram > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Basic function of frontal lobe

A

Voluntary movement on contralateral (opposite) side of body
Dominant hemisphere controls speech (brocas)
Intellectual functioning, thought processing, memory and personality

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2
Q

Basic function of temporal lobe

A

Understand language and processing auditory information (wernickes)
Encoding of long term memory

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3
Q

Basic function of parietal lobe

A

Receives and interprets sensation such as: pain, touch, pressure, taste, smell and proprioception

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4
Q

Basic function of occipital lobe

A

Understanding visual images and meaning of written words
Visuospatial processing and facial recognition
Colour determination

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5
Q

Which sinus drains into the internal jugular vein

A

Sigmoid sinus

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6
Q

5 branches of the facial nerve

A 
Temporal 
Zygomatic 
Buccal 
Mandibular 
Cervical

Ten zombies bit my cat

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7
Q

Give the 2 components of CN XI and their individual functions

A

Cranial (medulla): accessory to CN X in innervation pharyngeal muscles
Spinal (C1-C5): sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

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8
Q

Which muscle of the tongue does CN12 not innervate

A

Palatoglossus muscle which is innervated by vagus

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9
Q

Functions of the cornea

A

Light transmission

Barrier to trauma and infection

Responsible for 2/3 of the refractive power of the eye

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10
Q

3 parts of the external ear and their function

A

Auricle - directs sound to external acoustic meatus

External acoustic meatus - transmits sound to tympanic membrane and contains earwax to stop pathogens

Tympanic membrane -

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11
Q

Function of the Eustachian tube

A

Connect mid ear to nasopharynx and equalises pressure either side of Tympanic membrane

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12
Q

Function of oval window

A

Transfers mechanical vibrations from mid ear to fluid filled vibrations in inner ear

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13
Q

What do the utricle and saccule detect

A

Changes in static equilibrium

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14
Q

Why are the semi circular canals important

A

Important in balance not hearing

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15
Q

Give the auditory pathway

Hint: ECOLIMA

A 
Eight CN
Cochlear nucleus 
Superior Olivary nucleus 
Lateral lemniscus
Inferior colliculus 
Medial geniculate body 
Auditory cortex
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16
Q

What are the 2 parts of the substantia nigra

A

Pars reticularis

Pars compacta

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17
Q

Which part of the substantia nigra is darker and why

A

Pars compacta as it contains high concentrations of neuromelanin which is the precursor for dopamine

18
Q

Relate Parkinson’s to direct and indirect pathways

A

Over activity of the indirect pathway

Under activity of direct pathway

19
Q

Function of the 3 main pathways in basal ganglia

A

Direct - stimulates desirable movement
Indirect - inhibits undesirable movement
Nigrostriatal - modulates movement

20
Q

Origin of CNI & CN2

A

Arise from the cerebrum

21
Q

Which nerve originates in the midbrain

A

Trochlear nerve

22
Q

Where does the oculomotor nerve originate

A

Midbrain-pontine junction

23
Q

Which CN originated in the pons

A

Trigeminal

24
Q

Where do CN 6-8 originate

A

Pontine-medulla junction

25
Q

Where do CN 9-11 originate

A

Medulla oblongata posterior to the olive

26
Q

Where does the hypoglossal nerve originate

A

Medulla oblongata anterior to the olive

27
Q

Describe the DCML pathway

A

1st order neurons carry sensory information from Peripheral nerves to medulla
Signals from upper limbs travel in the fasciculus cuneatus and synapse in nucleus cuneate. Gracilis in lower limbs

2nd order neurons carry info from cuneate or gracilis nucleus to 3rd order neurons. They decussate in the medulla and travel to the contralateral thalamus

3rd order neurons transmit info to thalamus and ipsilateral primary sensory cortex

28
Q

Describe the pathway of the spinothalamic tracts

A

1st order neurons Arise from sensory receptors in the periphery
They enter the dorsal column and synapse at tip of dorsal horn

2nd order neurons carry info from dorsal horn to contralateral thalamus
Fibres deccusate in the spinal cord and split into lateral and anterior

3rd order neurons transmit info from thalamus to ipsilateral primary sensory cortex

29
Q

What path does CSF take from where it is formed to where it is absorbed

A

The CSF travels from the lateral ventricles through the interventricular foramen (of Munro) to the third ventricle.

The fluid then flows through the aqueduct of Sylvius (cerebral aqueduct) into the fourth ventricle

Here it drains out of the lateral foramina of Luschka and medial foramen of Magendie into the subarachnoid space.

30
Q

What are the 4 bones of the base of the skull and give their position in the cranial fossa

A

Ethmoid - anterior
Sphenoid - less wing is ant, greater wing is middle
Temporal - middle
Occipital - posterior

31
Q

What are the 2 parts of the ethmoid bone

A

Cribriform plate

Crista galli

32
Q

What foramen are found in the sphenoid bone

A 
Optic canal 
Rotundum
Ovale 
Spinosum 
Lacerum
33
Q

Which foramen are found in the temporal bone

A

Internal acoustic meatus

Jugular foramen

34
Q

Which foramen are found in the occipital bone

A

Foramen magnum

Hypglossal canal

35
Q

Difference between inhibitory and excitatory synapse

A

Inhibitory synapses decrease the likelihood of the firing action potential of a cell while excitatory synapses increase its likelihood.
Excitatory synapses cause a positive action potential in neurons and cells.

36
Q

What structures are included in the limbic system

A
  • Cingulate gyrus
  • Hippocampal formation
  • Parahippocampal gyrus
  • Anterior perforated substance
  • Septal nuclei - reward and reinforcement
  • Uncus
  • Amygdala - fear and reward
37
Q

Which brain structures constitute the papez circuit

A 
Hippocampus 
Fornix
Mammillary bodies 
Cingulate gyrus 
Thalamus
Singulum 
Parahippocampal gyrus
38
Q

Where is the CNS found

A

Meninges
Brain parenchyma
Vasculature

39
Q

Role of basal ganglia in the control of motor function

A

They select the most appropriate motor action to pass back to the cortex for execution

40
Q

Activity in Which region of the brain is associated with awareness of pain

A

Prefrontal cortex

Phase 1 Cram (12 decks)

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