MSK - Bone tumors Flashcards
(19 cards)
A malignant bone-forming tumor that arises from bone mesenchymal tissue typically in the metaphysis of long bones; characterized by rapid growth and cortical destruction and periosteal reaction with a sunburst pattern on X-ray
Osteosarcoma (osteogenic sarcoma)
Most common primary bone malignancy
Osteosarcoma (osteogenic sarcoma)
Malignant bone cancer found in young men 10-30 years old and men 65+, found in the metaphyses of long bone, commonly in the knee
Osteosarcoma (osteogenic sarcoma)
Progressive pain, worsens at night and with activity, progressive swelling that is tender to palpation, limping, decreased range of motion, B symptoms
Osteosarcoma (osteogenic sarcoma)
Risk factors for osteosarcoma
- Paget disease
- Familial retinoblastoma
- Li Fraumeni syndrome
- Radiation exposure
Bony growth findings on Xray in osteosarcoma
Codman triangle
Other Xray findings of osteosarcoma
- Codman triangle
- sunburst pattern of lytic bone lesions from elevated periosteum
- signs of osteolysis adjacent to osteosclerosis (moth-eaten appearance)
Treatment for osteosarcoma
Surgery (definitive resection) with neoadjuvant and adjuvant polychemotherapy. Osteosarcomas are usually resistant to radiation
Highly malignant bone tumor arising from neuroectodermal cells
Ewing sarcoma
Malignant bone cancer found in primarily in White men 10-20 years old, found in the diaphyses of long bones, commonly in the femur, tibia, fibula, humerus and pelvis
Ewing sarcoma
Progressive pain, worsens at night, swelling after trauma to the bone, mass that is tender to palpation, B symptoms
Ewing sarcoma
X-ray findings of Ewing sarcoma
- lytic bone lesions
- onion skin appearance of the periosteum
A malignant tumor arising from mesenchymal cells that produce cartilage
Chondrosarcoma
Malignant bone cancer usually in men older than 50 that commonly is localized in the medullary cavity of the pelvis, ribs, femur and humerus
Chondrosarcoma
Xray findings in Chondrosarcoma
- osteolysis with a moth-eaten appearance
- intralesional calcifications (rings and arcs calcifications, popcorn calcification)
- endosteal scalloping and cortical breach with infiltration of soft tissue
Episodic, bilateral pain that affects predominantly the lower extremities in 3-12 year olds; pain typically occurs late in the day or during the night awakening children from sleep
Growing pains
Osteoblastic metastasis (increased radiographic density) comes from what kind of cancer?
Prostate cancer; small cell lung cancer
Osteolytic metastasis (decreased radiographic density) comes from what kind of cancer?
- Multiple myeloma
- Thyroid cancer;
- kidney cancer
- melanoma
- non-small cell lung cancer
Mixed metastasis comes from what kind of cancer?
Breast cancer; GI cancer
