Pulmonology - Lung Cancer Flashcards
(28 cards)
Associated with 80-90% of lung cancers
Tobacco smoking
Tobacco smoking has a weaker association with which cancer?
Lung adenocarcinoma
Second leading cause of lung cancer
Radon exposure
Most common type of primary lung cancer
Lung adenocarcinoma
Peripheral lung cancer more common in women and non-smokers
Lung adenocarcinoma
Associated with mutations in EGFR, ALK and KRAS genes
Lung adenocarcinoma
Most common type of lung cancer that originates in pulmonary scars
Lung adenocarcinoma
Central lung cancer with cavitary lesions arising from the hilar bronchus
Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung
Associated with PTHrP hypercalcemia
Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung
Central lung cancer associated with several paraneoplastic syndromes
Small cell lung cancer
Lung cancer associated with L-myc oncogene mutations and results in undifferentiated, very aggressive cancer with early metastasis
Small cell lung cancer
High grade peripheral lung cancer with poor clinical prognosis
Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
Most common primary lung cancer in children and adolescents and is not associated with cigarette smoking
Lung neuroendocrine tumor
Causes a carcinoid syndrome (flushing, diarrhea) and mass effect of the tumor causing wheezing
Lung neuroendorcrine tumor
Squamous cell and small cell lung cancer are both located
centrally
Hypercalcemia, keratin pearls, central location, cavitation, intercellular bridges, smoking
Squamous cell carcinoma
Kulchitsky cells, chromogranin A, neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin
small cell lung cancer
A single, well-defined lesion, < 30 mm in diameter, that is completely located in the pulmonary parenchyma
solitary pulmonary nodule
What features of a solitary pulmonary nodule are high risk for malignancy?
- large size ( >8-10 mm)
- upper lobe location
- irregular borders (scalloped or spiculated)
What patient features are high risk for malignancy?
- prior history of cancer
- smoking history
- 60+ years old
Indications to rule out malignancy in a solitary pulmonary nodule identified on CXR
- advanced age
- smoking history
Next best step in a solitary pulmonary nodule > 8 mm
- high risk: surgical biopsy
- intermediate or low risk: PET-CT scan
Next best step in a solitary pulmonary nodule < 8 mm
serial CT scans
- Repeat CT at 6-12 months and 18-24 months if 4-6 mm
- Repeat CT at 3-6 months and 9-12 months if 6-8 mm
- Surveillance is optional if < 4mm
An apical lung tumor located in the superior sulcus of the lung (superior sulcus tumor)
Pancoast tumor
