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Physiology 1 > MT - 7: MPQ > Flashcards

MT - 7: MPQ Flashcards

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1
Q

What kind of inhibitory functions has the high level of progesterone?

a. inhibits the secretion of PGF2alfa
b. inhibits formation of estrus behavior in the hypothalamus
c. inhibits the secretion of LH hormone in the hypothalamus
d. reduces the secretion of GnRH in the hypothalamus

A

d. Reduces the secretion of GnRH in the hypothalamus

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2
Q

What is the right order of events leading to induced ovulation?

a. Peak of LH (+FSH), neuroendocrine reflex, copulation
b. Copulation, peak of LH(+FSH), neuroendocrine reflex
c. Copulation, neuroendocrine reflex, peak of LH(+FSH)
d. Peak of LH(+FSH), copulation, neuroendocrine reflex

A

c. Copulation, neuroendocrine reflex, peak of LH(+FSH)

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3
Q

Which receptors are stimulated by the high level of P4 during the corpus luteum phase in the endometrium?

a. oxytocin
b. estrogen
c. FSH
d. LH

A

a. oxytocin

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4
Q

What stimulates the endometrium to produce PGF2alfa?

a. estrogen
b. progesterone
c. oxytocin of the ovary
d. FSH

A

c. oxytocin of the ovary

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5
Q

Which factor plays a role in the selection of the “dominant” follicle?

a. the increasing level of progesterone
b. the decreasing level of gonadotropins
c. the decreasing level of estrogens
d. the increasing level of GnRH

A

d. the increasing level of GnRH

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6
Q

What kind of effect does estrogen have on the ovary?

a. inhibits the growth of the follicle
b. increases the quantity of FSH receptors in the dominant follicle
c. increases the quantity of LH receptors in the dominant follicle
d. increases the quantity of FSH receptors in the granulosa cells

A

b. increases the quantity of FSH receptors in the dominant follicle

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7
Q

What kind of effect does the peak of LH have on the ovum?

a. meiosis begins because of the block on inhibition
b. meiosis ends because of the block on inhibition
c. meiosis ends because of inhibition
d. development of corpus luteum finishes

A

b. meiosis ends because of the block on inhibition

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8
Q

What do granulosa cells produce as an answer to the LH peak?

a. relaxin
b. estrogen
c. progesterone
d. FSH

A

a. relaxin

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9
Q

What is produced by the follicle as an answer to the LH peak?

a. estrogen and progesterone
b. PGF2alfa and relaxin
c. relaxin and FSH
d. PGF2alfa and PGE2

A

d. PGF2alfa and PGE2

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10
Q

What does progesterone inhibit?

a. FSH
b. PRL
c. LH
d. lutein cell activity

A

c. LH

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11
Q

Why does the wall of the follicles become thiner due to the LH peak?
a. because of vein-contraction and ischemia
b because of collagenase secretion
c. because of proteolytic digestion
d because toxic metabolites are released

A

c. because of proteolytic digestion

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12
Q

What kind of effect has the PGE2 in the ovary?

a. collagenase secretion
b. vessel-contraction and ischemia
c. proteolytic digestion
d. granulose cells secrete relaxin

A

b. vessel-contraction and ischemia

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13
Q

What happens due to proteolytic digestion after the LH peak?

a. toxic metabolites are produced and wall of follicle becomes thin
b. collagenase secretion grows
c. vessel-contract and ischemia
d. granulosa cells secrete relaxin

A

a. toxic metabolites are produced and wall of follicle becomes thin

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14
Q

What kind of material stimulates proteolytic digestion in the case of an LH peak?

a. PGF2alfa
b. relaxin
c. PGE2
d. toxic metabolites

A

b. relaxin

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15
Q

What produces inhibin?

a. dominant follicle
b. atretic follicles
c. corpus haemorrhagicum
d. adenohypophysis

A

a. dominant follicle

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16
Q

Which is inhibited by inhibin?

a. progesterone
b. GnRH
c. LH
d. FSH

A

d. FSH

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17
Q

What leads to luteolysis?

a. low PGF2alfa concentration
b. growing synthesis of progesterone
c. decreasing synthesis of progesterone
d. decreasing synthesis of estrogen

A

c. decreasing synthesis of progesterone

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18
Q

What do we call the refractory period of the corpus luteum?

a. the new corpus luteum undergoes luteolysis after ovulation
b. the fresh corpus luteum resists luteolysis in early metestrus
c. corpus luteum resists FSH stiumlation
d. no corpus luteum is formed in time

A

b. the fresh corpus luteum resists luteolysis in early metestrus

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19
Q

Why is the refractory period of the corpus luteum so important?

a. because slight inflammations can not cause luteolysis due to their PGF2alfa production
b. because PGF2alfa can in this way maintain the pregnancy
c. because it stimulates the nidation of the embryo ovary
d. because during this phase PGE2 can stimulate luteolysis

A

a. because slight inflammations can not cause luteolysis

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20
Q

What happenes with maturing cohorts of follicles during the luteal phase?

a. if progesterone concentration is still high, the follicles vanish
b. if progesterone concentration is low, the follicles vanish
c. if progesterone concentration is high, one follicle becomes dominant
d. if progesterone concentration is high, all follicles become dominant

A

a. if progesterone concentration is still high, the follicles vanish

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21
Q

In which period of the luteal phase does follicle maturation take place?

a. when progesterone level is high
b. when progesterone level starts to significantly decrease
c. in the middle of the luteal phase
d. at the beginning of the luteal phase

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A

b. when progesterone level starts to significantly decrease

22
Q

What is typical cycle length in primates?

a. 21 days, follicular and luteal phase separate
b. 28 days, follicular and luteal phase separate
c. 28 days, follicular and luteal phase overlap
d. 17 days, follicular and luteal phase separate

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A

b. 28 days, follicular and luteal phase separate

23
Q

What is the typical length of the estrus cycle in large animals?

a. 21 days, follicular and luteal phase separate
b. 28 days, follicular and luteal phase separate
c. 21 day period, follicular and luteal phase overlap
d. 31 days, follicular and luteal phase overlap

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A

c. 21 day period, follicular and luteal phase overlap

24
Q

In which species do the Sertoli cells produce estrogen?

a. dog, cat
b. stallion, wild boar
c. pig, dog
d. cattle, sheep

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A

b. stallion, wild boar

25
What kind of GnRH secretion do males have? a. continuous secretion b. rhythmic secretion, approx. every 90 hours c. rhythmic secretion, approx.every 9 minutes d. rhythmic secretion, approx.every 90 minutes
d. rhythmic secretion, approx.every 90 minutes
26
What produces testosterone? a. Hypophysis b. Leydig cells c. Hypothalamus d. Sertoli cells
b. Leydig cells
27
What is the target of testosterone feed-back? a. Only the hypophysis b. Mesenchymal Leydig cells c. the hypophysis and hypothalamus d. Only the hypothalamus
c. the hypophysis and hypothalamus
28
What is produced by the Sertoli cells in the embryo? a. Inhibin b. ABP c. Acrosine d. MIF and special binding protein
d. MIF and special binding protein
29
Where is ABP (androgen binding protein) produced? a. In the Sertoli cells b. In the Leydig cells c. In the hypothalamus d. In the hypophysis
a. In the Sertoli cells
30
What does ABP bind? a. Inhibin b. Testosterone c. MIF d. Acrosine
b. Testosterone
31
What kind of "cells" transform by mitosis during spermiocytogenesis ? a. the spermatids b. primary spermatocytes c. secondary spermatocytes d. sperms
c. secondary spermatocytes
32
Where are sperms stored in an anabiotic stage? a. in the cranial end of the epididymis? b. in the rete testis c. in the caudal end of the epididymis d. in the ductus epididymis
c. in the caudal end of the epididymis
33
How long is the maturation time of sperms? a. 7-9 days b. 70-90 hours. c. 20-30 days d. 70-90 days
d. 70-90 days
34
In which animal is the vesicula seminalis bladder-like? a. In the stallion and rabbit b. In the dog and cat c. In the cattle and rabbit d. In the horse and dog
a. In the stallion and rabbit
35
What is the role of the vesicula seminalis? a. site of sperm maturation b. it supplies energy to the sperms c. it is a simple storage place for sperms d. it inactivates the sperms
b. it supplies energy to the sperms
36
which animals is there no vesicula seminalis? a. horse and dog b. cattle and cat c. horse and cattle d. dog and cat
d. dog and cat
37
What is the role of the prostate? a. site of sperm division b. it supplies energy to the sperms c. it stimulates the motility of the sperms d. it reduces sperm motility
c. it stimulates the motility of the sperms
38
What is the role of the Cowper (bulbo-urethral) gland? a. it nurtures the sperms b. it supplies energy to the sperms c. it initiates the motility of the sperms d. its secretions clean the urethra
d. its secretions clean the urethra
39
What is the role of the ampullary secretion? a. It may stimulate and maintain the motility of the sperms b. it inhibits the motility of the sperms c. it supplies energy to the sperms d. it cleans the urethra
a. It may stimulate and maintain the motility of the sperms
40
What kind of effects does the seminal fluid have on sperms? a. it activates sperms b. it causes the anabiotic stage of sperms c. it causes the polar body to leave the cells d. it inhibits the active motion of sperms
a. it activates sperms
41
What kind of effects do the female sexual organs have on the sperms? a. they decrease their life expectancy b. they inhibit sperm motility c. force the sperms into a special anabiotic state d. they capacitate the sperms
d. they capacitate the sperms
42
The right order of male genitospinal reflexes are: a. Ejaculation, erection, intermission b. Intermission, erection, ejaculation c. Intromission, ejaculation, erection d. Erection, intermission, ejaculation
d. Erection, intermission, ejaculation
43
What is the correct order of the female sexual cycle? a. Follicular phase, luteal phase, ovulation b. Luteal phase, follicular phase, ovulation c. ovulation, follicular phase, luteal phase d. Follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase
d. Follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase
44
What are the characteristic hormonal changes in the plasma during proestrus? a. The estrogen level rises b. The progesterone level rises c. The LH concentration decreases d. The estrogen concentration decreases
a. The estrogen level rises
45
What kind of morphological changes can we see in proestrus? a. no special morphological change can be detected b. menstrual bleeding occurs in this phase in farm animals, as well c. vaginal outflow is frequent d. the female accepts the male in this phase
c. vaginal outflow is frequent
46
What hormonal changes can be detected during estrus? a. low progesterone level b. low estrogen level c. high progesterone level d. constant LH level Side
a. low progesterone level
47
What morphological changes can be detected in the vagina during estrus? a. the number of cornified cells is the smallest during ovulation b. the number of cornified cells decreases in the bitch c. there is no detectable morphological change d. the number of inflammatory cells decreases in the bitch
d. the number of inflammatory cells decreases in the bitch
48
What secretional changes can be detected during estrus? a. there is no change b. the mare secretes a thin mucus c. the cow secretes a thin mucus d. the bitch's secretion is getting very high
b. the mare secretes a thin mucus
49
What behavioral changes can be detected during estrus? a. there's no change b. the lordosis reflex ceases c. the female voids urine more freqently thus a lot of pheromones get into the environment d. the female doesn't accept the male
c. the female voids urine more freqently thus a lot of pheromones get into the environment
50
What hormonal changes can be detected during metestrus? a. the level of estrogens increases b. there's a high progesterone level c. the level of estrogens decreases d. there's no change in the level of LH
c. the level of estrogens decreases

Physiology 1 (42 decks)

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