MT3- Rhabdoviruses Flashcards
1
Q
Rhabdoviruses are enveloped viruses
A
T
2
Q
Rhabdoviruses are resistant viruses they can remain infective in the environment for several
weeks
A
F
no/short survival in environment
3
Q
Rhabdoviruses are generally good antigens
A
T
4
Q
Rhabdoviruses can survive in the environment for several months
A
F
no/short survival in environment
5
Q
The resistance of Rhabdoviruses is good
A
F
6
Q
Vesicular stomatitis virus has a narrow host range
A
F
broad
7
Q
Vesicular stomatitis is a frequent disease in Africa
A
F
8
Q
Vesicular stomatitis is a widespread disease all over the world
A
F
Americas; South Canada, USA, Middle America, South Am. (tropical regions)
9
Q
Vesicular stomatitis virus can cause clinical signs in horses
A
T
Equidae > ruminants, swine, lama, alpaca > human, others
10
Q
Vesicular stomatitis is a zoonotic disease
A
T
11
Q
Increased salivation is a clinical sign of vesicular stomatitis
A
T
12
Q
The mortality of vesicular stomatitis is low
A
T
13
Q
The mortality of vesicular stomatitis is very high
A
F
14
Q
Vesicular stomatitis causes large number of vesicles in humans
A
F
15
Q
Vesicular stomatitis virus is transmitted by blood sucking arthropods and direct contact
A
T
16
Q
The clinical signs of foot and mouth disease and vesicular stomatitis cannot be differentiated
in horses
A
F
17
Q
Vesicular stomatitis can be transmitted only by arthropods
A
F
contact, injury-saliva, arthropod
18
Q
Vesicular Stomatitis virus can be transmitted by arthropods
A
T
19
Q
Vesicular stomatitis can occur in ruminants, horses, pigs, and humans
A
T
Equidae > ruminants, swine, lama, alpaca > human, others
20
Q
Vesicular stomatitis virus does not cause viraemia only local lesions
A
F
21
Q
Vesicular stomatitis virus is found all over the world.
A
F
Americas; South Canada, USA, Middle America, South Am. (tropical regions)
22
Q
Vesicular stomatitis virus: horse is sensitive.
A
F
23
Q
Vesicular stomatitis virus spreads with insects.
A
T
contact, injury-saliva, arthropod
24
Q
After recovery of VSV there will be a permanent immunity.
A
F
25
Vesicular stomatitis can be generalized.
T
26
Vesicular stomatitis can cause vesicles on the foot.
T
- lips, oral cavity, tongue
- foot, mainly coronary band
27
Only ruminants can have vesicular stomatitis.
F
Equidae > ruminants, swine, lama, alpaca > human, others
28
Vesicular stomatitis: animals can recover.
T
29
Vesicular stomatitis occurs in America.
T
Americas; South Canada, USA, Middle America, South Am. (tropical regions)
30
The host range of vesicular stomatitis and foot and mouth disease is the same.
F
31
Sand flies and midges can transmit vesicular stomatitis virus.
T
- arthropod
32
In the case of vesicular stomatitis vesicles are formed only at the place of entry of the virus.
F
33
Salivation is a clinical sign of vesicular stomatitis.
T
- anorexia, salivation
- limping
- drop of milk production
34
Vesicular stomatitis cannot be prevented with vaccines.
F
35
The vesicular stomatitis virus is uniform, there are no serotypes, variants etc.
F
long lasting antibodies (serotype-specific)
36
The resistance of the vesicular stomatitis virus is low.
T
37
Vesicular stomatitis virus can be transmitted by direct contact or arthropods.
T
38
Vesicular stomatitis virus can cause lesions on the teats.
T
- decreased milk production
39
The host range of the vesicular stomatitis virus is wide.
T
40
Vesicular stomatitis is endemic in America.
T
41
Vesicular stomatitis virus infects only swine.
F
42
Cattle are not susceptible to vesicular stomatitis virus.
F
43
Vesicular stomatitis virus can infect humans.
T
44
Lesions of vesicular stomatitis heal within a few weeks.
T
45
There are no vaccines for the prevention of vesicular stomatitis.
F
- inactivated vaccine
live attenuated vaccine ( South America)
46
Insects are involved in the transmission of vesicular stomatitis virus.
T
- arthropods
47
Vesicular stomatitis virus can spread by direct contact.
T
48
Vesicular stomatitis virus can cause severe disease in humans.
F
49
Ephemeral fever virus is transmitted by arthropods.
T
Mosquito bite
50
Direct contact is the main way of transmission of ephemeral fever virus
F
-mosquito bite
51
Ephemeral fever is a frequent disease all over the world
F
- Africa
- Australia
- Asia (Middle-East, South-Eastern Asia)
52
Ephemeral fever is a zoonotic disease
F
53
Ephemeral fever virus is shed in large amount in the saliva.
F
No shedding of virus
54
Ephemeral fever occurs only in America.
F
- Africa
- Australia
- Asia (Middle-East, South-Eastern Asia)
55
The morbidity is high, the mortality is low in the case of ephemeral fever.
T
High morbidity
low mortality
56
Drop of milk production is a common sign of ephemeral fever
T
57
Ephemeral fever occurs in the tropical countries.
T
58
Inhalation of the tracheal discharge is the main way of infection with ephemeral fever virus.
F
59
The clinical signs of ephemeral fever are more severe in horses than cattle.
F
60
Animals with ephemeral fever have fever for about 2-3 days
T
- fever (2-3 days)
- anorexia, weakness
- reluctant to move
- lameness
61
In the case of silent rabies rabid dogs cannot bark.
F
62
There is a high level of cross protection between phylogroups of rabies viruses
F
63
Humans can be infected with European bat lyssaviruses in case of direct contact.
T
64
Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies can be seen in the case of rabies
T
65
Only carnivorous animals are susceptible to rabies virus.
F
herbivorous animals
carnivorous animals
66
Rabies virus is uniform without serotypes, genotypes etc.
F
67
Aggressiveness is a frequent sign of rabies.
T
68
Puppies have to be vaccinated against rabies at the age of 6 weeks.
F
Dog/horse 3 month old
69
Humans can be infected with European bat lyssaviruses in case of direct contact.
T
70
Rabies virus can infect humans; however, humans are not very susceptible
T
71
Bat lyssaviruses cannot infect humans
F
72
Bats infected with European bat lyssaviruses frequently attack animals
F
73
Rabies is a notifiable disease
T
74
Increased sex drive is a frequent sign of rabies.
T
75
Sylvatic rabies is maintained by wild living animals.
T
76
Foxes maintain sylvatic rabies in Europe
T
77
Racoon is one of the species that maintains sylvatic rabies in America
T
78
In order to prevent sylvatic rabies, foxes are vaccinated per os with live vaccine in bait
T
79
Changed behaviour and paralysis are clinical signs of rabies
T
80
The incubation time of rabies is generally 24-72 hours; however, exceptions can occur
F
long (usually 2-8 weeks), depends on:
- host species, age
- site of infection
- virus strain
- virus dose
- dormant period in certain species –
81
The incubation time of rabies is generally 2-8 weeks; however, exceptions can occur
T
long (usually 2-8 weeks), depends on:
- host species, age
- site of infection
- virus strain
- virus dose
- dormant period in certain species –
82
Rabies virus can only be transmitted with bite
F
infectious saliva gets under skin or to mucous membranes
→ bite, other wound
83
The host range of rabies is very narrow, mainly dogs and foxes are susceptible
F
84
Only carnivorous animals are susceptible to rabies virus
F
85
Dogs have to be observed for 14 days if they have bitten humans.
T
86
Herbivorous animals bitten by foxes can be emergency slaughtered
T
87
Rabies virus can be detected with immunofluorescence test
T
88
Rabies virus appears in the saliva 2-3 days after the onset of the clinical signs
F
89
Lethality of rabies in humans is high
T
90
The resistance of rabies virus is low; it cannot survive in the environment for a long time
T
91
Rabies can be diagnosed by detection of antibodies in paired sera
F
92
Antibodies against rabies detected with ELISA confirm the diagnosis of rabies
F
- IF
- PCR
- VIRUS ISOLATION + IF
93
Rabies virus is spreading alone the nerves in the host
T
94
Urban rabies has been eradicated from the Earth.
F
95
Urban rabies is maintained by dogs and cats.
T
96
Rabies occurs only in tropical countries
F
97
Herbivores animals are generally dead end hosts of rabies
T
98
Rabies virus replicates in the lymphocytes
F.
1. virus get into muscle/skin/mm
2. slow replication at periphery nerves
99
Postmortem examination of rabid animals is forbidden
F
100
Haemorrhages of the serous membranes are typical postmortem lesions of rabies
F
No clear pathological finding
101
Rabies can be diagnosed only by using PCR.
F
- PCR
- IF
- ISOLATION
- HISTOLOGY
102
Post exposition vaccine against rabies can be given to ruminants bitten by foxes
T
103
Rabies virus does not penetrate the blood vessels.
F
104
Rabies: one of the important symptoms is the change of behaviour.
T
105
Rabies: one important symptom is paralysis
T
106
In rabies we find purulent encephalitis in negri-bodies.
T
107
With immunofluorescence test we can diagnose rabies.
T
108
We can diagnose rabies by antibody detection test.
F
- only to check vacine status
109
When an animal which is infected with rabies virus attacks another dog, it should be
vaccinated immediately
F??
110
Rabies is a uniform virus.
F
111
Rabies is a resistant virus.
F
Weak resistance, no survival in environment
112
Warm blooded animals can be infected with rabies.
T
113
Rabies can be transmitted only by saliva.
F
114
Fox rabies: we can use live vaccines.
T
115
Since 2002 rabies is eradicated from Hungary
F
116
Humans can be infected by Rabies bite.
T
117
Humans can be infected by Rabies during organ transplants.
T
118
Rabies virus is spreading in the infected animals peri-neural.
T
119
Rabies virus is shed in the saliva, before appearance of the clinical signs.
T
120
The incubation of rabies is generally less than one week.
F
ong (usually 2-8 weeks)
121
The rabies virus is a uniform virus without serotypes, genotypes, subtypes etc.
F
122
Only carnivorous animals are susceptible to rabies virus .
F
123
High amount of rabies virus is shed in the saliva.
T
124
The causative agent of rabies is a uniform virus, without different types or groups.
F
125
The resistance of the rabies virus is good, it retains infectivity for several months in the
environment .
F
126
All warm-blooded animals are susceptible to rabies virus.
T
127
Rabies virus is shed in high titre in the saliva.
T
128
Paralysis is a clinical sign of rabies.
T
129
Foxes are vaccinated with attenuated bait vaccine.
T
130
Cattle bitten by rabid animals may be vaccinated post exposition or slaughtered.
T
131
Humans can be infected with rabies, only by being bitten by rabid animals.
F
organ transplantation, contact with infected animal
132
Rabies virus is spreading along the nerves to the central nervous system.
T
133
Rabies virus is shed in the saliva only after the appearance of the clinical signs.
F
134
Changed behaviour is a typical sign of rabies.
T
135
Focal necrosis in the liver is a typical lesion of rabies.
F
136
Immunofluorescence test is widely used diagnostic method in the case of rabies.
T
137
Virus neutralization test is used to the laboratory diagnosis of rabies cases.
T
- VN AND ELISA to detect antibodies
138
Dogs have to be vaccinated for the prevention of rabies at the age of 3 months for the first
time.
T
139
Increased salivation is a clinical sign of rabies.
T
140
Always the furious form of rabies can be seen in dogs.
F
141
Colic can be a sign of rabies in horses.
T
missleading sign
- itching at site of exposure
excitation
- aggressiveness
- scrapes with hoof
- bites objects
142
Changed behaviour is a clinical sign of rabies of wild living animals.
T
143
Only the classical rabies virus can cause clinical signs, the other genotypes not.
F
144
The sylvatic form of rabies is maintained by different wild living animals.
T
145
Rabies virus causes viraemia soon after infection.
F
No viraemia!
146
Saliva can contain rabies virus, before the appearance of clinical signs.
T
147
Humans are not susceptible to European bat lyssaviruses.
F
148
There is no haematogenic spreading of the rabies virus.
F
149
Increased sexual activity is seen in rabid cattle.
T
150
Dogs have to be vaccinated against rabies in the first week of life.
F
151
Cattle bitten by a rabid animal can be vaccinated after exposition.
T
152
The rabid bats fly during the day.
T
153
Immunofluorescence (IF) is reliable in the diagnosis of rabies.
T
154
Only the classical rabies virus is present in Europe.
F
155
Urban form of rabies is maintained by the fox in Europe.
F
- dog
156
Rabies virus is highly resistant.
F
low
157
Rabies virus cannot be cultured.
F
158
Presence of antibodies to rabies virus confirms the diagnosis of rabies.
F
159
Detection of Negri bodies is more sensitive than immunofluorescence test, in the case of
rabies.
F
160
Virus isolation is the most widely used way of diagnosis of rabies.
F
161
Inhalation of the virus is the main way of infection with rabies virus.
F
162
Rabies virus is replicating in the lymphoid cells and causes viraemia before the appearance
of the clinical signs.
F
163
The incubation time of rabies is variable, generally between 2 and 8 weeks.
T
164
Immunofluorescence test can be used to the detection of rabies virus in the brain.
T
165
Rabid animals have to be vaccinated immediately.
F
166
In cats furious form of rabies is typical.
T
167
In dogs both furious and silent form of rabies can occur.
T
168
Rabies has been eradicated in Europe.
F
169
Rabies spread through venereal.
F
170
The high-titre of virus neutralizing antibodies confirms the diagnosis of rabies.
F
171
Live vaccines are used for the vaccination of foxes against rabies
T
172
Rabies symptoms appear only after CNS signs
F
173
Rabies virus can only be found in the nervous system
F
