MT6314 UNIT 13-14 Flashcards
1
Q
Ethics comes from the Greek word _____
A
Ethos
2
Q
Are moral principles that govern a person’s behavior or the conduct of an activity.
A
Ethics
3
Q
Are a set of rules that society have to agree about living with other people
A
Ethics
4
Q
Is a moral philosophy
A
Ethics
5
Q
Ethics is a branch of philosophy that involves?
A
systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct.
6
Q
Bioethics is the ethics of?
A
Life
7
Q
Life of science is?
A
Biology
8
Q
T or F: Bioethics is a philosophy
A
T
9
Q
Bioethics is also known as?
A
medical ethics or clinical ethics
10
Q
Philosophical study of ethical issues
A
Bioethics
11
Q
Interdisciplinary study of problems brought about by biological and medical progress and its impact in the society and value system
A
Bioethics
12
Q
The history of bioethics is preceded by?
A
medical ethics
13
Q
Bioethics is the primary focus of?
A
medical ethics , animal ethics, environmental ethics
14
Q
Doctors use their knowledge and power to?
A
- to benefit the sick
- do no harm
- preserve life
- keep in strictest confidence any patient information
15
Q
HOWEVER, after _____, it became clear that medical ethics was no longer sufficient to meet contemporary challenges
A
WWII
16
Q
Why do we study Bioethics?
A
- address perennial ethical problems, issues, dilemmas confronting health care workers and patients
- address legal problems in health care with ethical concerns
- address the challenges of modern technology
- enhance professional development and ethical values of health care professionals
17
Q
Principles of Bioethics
A
- Autonomy - freedom of choice
- Non-maleficence - do no harm
- Beneficence - do good
- Justice - fairness and equality
18
Q
T or F: Principles of Bioethics can overlap and compete with each other for priority
A
T
19
Q
What principle of Bioethics: Considering patient’s desires within the bounds of accepted treatment
A
Autonomy
20
Q
What principle of Bioethics: Involving patients in making decisions
A
Autonomy
21
Q
What principle of Bioethics: Considering patients’ needs, desires, and abilities
A
Autonomy
22
Q
T or F: Autonomy safeguards patients’ privacy
A
T
23
Q
What principle of Bioethics: Protecting patient from harm
A
Non-maleficence
24
Q
What principle of Bioethics: No intentional harm or injury be done on the patient
A
Non-maleficence
25
What principle of Bioethics: Knowing one’s own limitations
Non-maleficence
26
What principle of Bioethics: Knowing when delegation of patients’ care to trainees is appropriate
Non-maleficence
27
What principle of Bioethics: Service to the patient and the public at large
Beneficence
28
What principle of Bioethics: Duty to promote patient’s welfare
Beneficence
29
What principle of Bioethics: Competent and timely delivery of health care
Beneficence
30
What principle of Bioethics: To always act in the best interest of the patient
Beneficence
31
What principle of Bioethics: Delivering health care without prejudice nor discrimination
Justice
32
What principle of Bioethics: Attend to patients according to need and to always act in the best interest of the patient
Justice
33
Identify and clarify ethical questions to find ethically acceptable course/s of action
Clinical Ethics
34
Clinical Ethics encourages what kind of communication amongst all patients?
honest and respectable communication
35
Clinical Ethics also recommend what solutions?
clinically and ethically acceptable solutions
36
Improve institutional responses to ethical dilemmas
Clinical Ethics
37
Challenged by the increased collection and use of personal, medical, biological information
Genetics
38
Genetics involves ___ and _____
privacy and security
39
Genetics imposes a challenge on?
Autonomy
40
Clinical Neuroethics involves topics on?
* consciousness
* deep brain stimulation
* enhancement in clinical setting
* pain
* death
41
Reproductive Ethics also involves reproductive ____
Justice
42
Reproductive Ethics tackles issues on?
* Assisted reproduction (Surrogacy, Genetic manipulation)
* Restricting fertility (Sterilization, Contraception
* Abortion
43
Abortion is an issue of intense moral and personal
concern based on?
* sexuality
* autonomy
* politics
* science
* religion
44
Involves assisted reproduction and gestational surrogates
Surrogacy
45
Issues regarding Surrogacy includes?
* exploitation of poor women who are desperate for money
* complication of women’s bodies as commodities
* the moral and ethical consequences of transforming a normal biological function of a woman’s body into a commercial transaction
46
Involves the complete genome and allows for early determination of a newborn’s predisposition to certain diseases
Whole Genome Screening
47
Issues regarding Whole Genome Screening include?
* data and information release
* identifiability
* adequacy of consent
* stereotyping or stigmatization
48
Creating a new population of genetically similar organisms through reproduction of human cells or tissues
Human Cloning
49
Issues on Human Cloning include?
* individuals as sources of organs
* human life becoming a commodity
* safety and efficacy of procedures
* use for destructive embryonic stem cell research
* effects on child/parent relationships
50
Uses the embryo as a source of undifferentiated cells; use these cells to treat diseases
Stem cell research
51
Issues regarding stem cell research include?
* medical risks
* protection of the reproductive interests of women
* confidentiality of donor information
* forces us to choose between preserving the life of the embryo and alleviating pain or suffering
52
Improving the human society or race by selectively, AND aims to reduce human suffering by “breeding out” disease, disabilities and so-called undesirable
characteristics from the human population
Eugenics
53
Issues regarding Eugenics include?
* horrible abuses committed in the name of eugenics through coercive policies
* how new genetic knowledge is used
* confidentiality of donor information
* social inequality
* subjectivity of perfection
54
Issues regarding Euthanasia include?
* sanctity of life
* autonomy and human rights
* doctor-patient relationship
55
Euthanasia fails to see the?
dignity of the human person
56
In the context of euthanasia, _____ should be extended without inducing death
Mercy
57
Reversion of death, freezing to reanimate
Cryonics
58
Why temperature does Cryonics happen in?
−196 °C or −320.8 °F
59
Issues regarding cryonics include?
* Autonomy and rights of a person
* right and dignity of the healthcare team
* Non-maleficence
60
Professional Ethics includes all standards of behavior in?
personal life
occupation
workplace
61
Professional ethics are based on?
sound moral and ethical principles
62
Professional Conduct involves?
* ethics
* morals
* standards of behavior
63
Simply stated, professional codes of ethics cover ___________________ expected from and by a professional.
personal and corporate standards of behavior
64
Professional codes of ethics provides professionals a clear set of __________ based on ________, society’s _______,_______,_________ and __________
obligations
tradition
expectations, contracts, laws, and rules of ordinary morality
65
T or F: Professional Codes of Ethics differ from every profession
T
66
provide the action to the code of ethics
PROFESSIONAL CODES OF CONDUCT
67
serve to apply the codes of ethics to particular and relevant situations
PROFESSIONAL CODES OF CONDUCT
68
list of guidelines or conditions
PROFESSIONAL CODES OF CONDUCT
69
official documents that clearly define how a professional or a company employee should behave in the workplace on a daily basis.
PROFESSIONAL CODES OF CONDUCT
70
PROFESSIONAL CODES OF CONDUCT build?
Confidence
71
PROFESSIONAL CODES OF CONDUCT provide greater?
transparency and certainty
72
provide a common understanding of acceptable practice
PROFESSIONAL CODES OF CONDUCT
73
Professionals are required to have?
* an ethical commitment
* a personal resolve to act ethically
* ethical awareness
* ethical competency
74
Knowing what is right or wrong
ethical awareness
75
Ability to engage in sound moral reasoning and consider carefully the implications of alternative actions
ethical competency
76
What are the principles of the professional conduct?
Service to others
Integrity and Objectivity
Professional Competence
Solidarity and Teamwork
Social and Civic Responsibility
Global Competitiveness
Equality for all Professionals
77
What is EO 220?
DIRECTING THE ADOPTION OF THE CODE OF GOOD
GOVERNANCE FOR THE PROFESSIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES
78
EO 220 is also pursuant to?
Section 14 of the Constitution,
Section 5 and 7a of RA 8981 (PRC Modernization Act of 2000)
79
The adoption of the ______________ will promote and establish _________ and __________ among Filipino professionals to make them _______ to their public liability and fully _______________ to their clients
Code of Good Governance
ethical awareness and competency
accountable
fulfill their professional obligation
80
The Code will empower professionals not only to ______________________ but also to ___________________ in their respective professions, thereby assuring the high quality and globally-competitive professional services, and secure the safety and protection of the public.
upgrade or improve their technical and ethical proficiency
keep them abreast with modern trends and technology
81
In EO 220, who is directed to undertake measures, including networking with government agencies and civil society, to effectively implement and enforce the Code through the Professional Regulatory Boards (PRBs) under the Commission’s supervision and control?
The Governance Advisory Council and the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC)
82
How many section in EO 220?
5
83
When was EO 220 signed?
March 23, 2003
84
Branch of moral science concerned with the obligations of a professional owes to the public. his profession and clients
Professional Ethics
85
Professional Ethics involves?
Ethical Commitment
Ethical Awareness
Ethical Competency
86
describes the expected ethical obligations and principles that patients, the profession and the public believe.
Code of Ethics
87
guides the professional and personal conduct of all medical technologists who must adhere not only to the guidelines, but also to the underlying spirit and precepts
The Code of Ethics
88
Main objectives of the Professional Code of Ethics?
1. Define professional privileges, behaviors and responsibilities towards the members of the community in general
2. Promote professional quality, conduct and moral method of procedures
3. Defend private professions from undue interference by government or other agencies
4. Preserve dignity of professional and confidence to public
5. Defend clients from unscrupulous individuals
6. Fix certain standards of compensation for services or work
89
Ethical issuers in the analytical phase include?
Right to decline specimen examined
Best possible analytical result to patient
No discrimination in examination of patient samples on the basis of gender, age or race
90
ETHICAL ISSUES DURING THE PRE-ANALYTICAL PHASE include?
* requests for laboratory tests
* no financial interest involved
* proper identification of the patient with respect to the test/s requested
* proper collection, labelling, handling of samples, performance of tests
91
3 basic principles involved in the pre-analytical phase
* Respect for persons
* Beneficence
* Justice
92
ETHICAL ISSUES DURING THE ANALYTICAL PHASE include?
* confidentiality, quality, competency
* maintain ethical standards
* Respect for persons
* Beneficience
* Justice
93
ETHICAL ISSUES DURING THE POST-ANALYTICAL PHASE include?
* reporting and interpretation of test results
* storage of residual samples
* access to laboratory data
* maintain ethical standards
* Respect for persons
* Beneficience
* Justice
94
Necessary to incorporate principles and guidelines of _______ and ________ in laboratory medicine
bioethics and professional ethics
95
Ethics in laboratory medicine aim to uphold the ____ and ______ of the profession
reputation and dignity
