Mumbai

Question 1

Social and economic inequality?

Answer 1

• megacity on west coast of India, financial capital
• large slums on floodplains with 1 million living in dharavi, only 30% in slums have access to healthcare
• 25% of India’s millionaires live there
• 60% literacy rates in slums and 90% in city
  -population increase of 5.9 million in 1971 to 20.7 in 2016 causes urban sprawl
• avg gdp per capita of 23,000
• 10% unemployed

Question 2

Environmental conditions?

Answer 2

• high flood risk as monsoon season in July with 960mm of rain, many informal settlements on banks of river mithi (70%) which burst banks in 2005, killing 400 and flooding drainage systems which caused disease
• seismically active areas so vulnerable to tsunamis
• population increase caused more cars so pm10 exceeds 132micrograms per m3 which shouldn’t exceed 20 according to WHO. respiratory disease deaths are up 20% because of this.
• aids causes social segregation

Question 3

Mitigation strategies?

Answer 3

• rainwater harvesting on rooftops of over 300m3 plots but only 50% followed since 2007
• 2004 scheme to redevelop dharavj but slow moving as 2009 bids saw no buyer as risky investment
• SPARC toilets improve sanitation and clean water
• 300 sq ft housing offered to those who could prove residence since 2000
• world bank provided 1 billion to improve roads and buy more fuel efffiecnt vehicles but people were displaced so more social segregation