MUMBAI

Question 1

Why is Mumbai important to India? (5)

Answer 1

• major financial institutions such as the Reserve bank of India
  -has one of India’s largest financial centres- generates 40% of international trade
  -is the home of Bollywood, big area for culture and entertainment
  -has one of India’s largest international airports with 40% of Inida’s flights
• has a massive population of around 18.4 million in 2011, since grown

Question 2

____ of Mumabi’s residents live in slums.

Answer 2

1/2

Question 3

Reasons for URBAN GROWTH in Mumbai

Answer 3

1) rural-urban migration
- mechanization of farming causes farmers to give up and sell farmland, seek the “perceived” better life in the city with higher wages
-often quality of life is worse in slum areas
-city offers electricity, clean water supply, education and healthcare

2) natural increase

Question 4

ENVIRONMENTAL: urban challenges

Answer 4

1) contamination of water supply
-toxic chemicals, and sewage contaminates the water supply
-“hanging toilets” over rivers
-about 77% of Mumbai’s household water is now polluted

2) air pollution
-congestion + traffic causes air pollution —> respiratory issues
-small-scale industries also release toxic fumes

3) waste
-7500 metric tonnes of waste are produced in Mumbai
-ragpickers work in hazardous conditions and spreads disease and infections

Question 5

ECONOMIC challenges in Mumbai:

Answer 5

1) unemployment
-leads to the informal economy

2)poor working conditions for low wages

Question 6

SOCIAL challenges in Mumbai

Answer 6

-poor sanitation and basic services
: people living in slums have extremely limited access to clean water, toilets and electricity: 400 people per toilet
-water pipes are only turned on for two hours a day

-poor QOL
-life expectancy is low due to illness, dangerous conditions, low wages

Question 7

STRATEGY

Answer 7

VISION MUMBAI:
Project aiming to regenerate slum areas as Dharavi is considered to be worth 1 billion
-near CBD, and on high, flat ground
-near airports + Transport links

-build 1.1 million low-cost homes
-demolishes slums and produces tower blocks with public facilities to offer a better standard of living to slums residents
-with sewage pipes, clean water supply, official adresses
-official waste management

-can cause the “community” of the slum to be lost
-small accommodation and very cramped
-litter-picking jobs are lost