URBAN FIELDWORK Flashcards
(28 cards)
Land-use survey
R- residential
I- industrial
C- commercial
E- entertainment
P- public building
O- open space
T- transport
S- services
LIMITATIONS:
- some buildings were difficult to categorise
-multi-floored/ purpose buildings were difficult to categorise
-time consuming
-required some previous knowledge for ambiguous/ miscellaneous buildings
STRENGTHS:
-clearly showed the change in land-use
-
ACCURACY vs RELIABILITY
Accuracy: how close a measurement is to it’s actual value
Reliability: how consistently a measurement is repeated under the same conditions
ACCURACY: accurate
RELIABILITY: consistent
EQS
Environmental quality survey
-can be done individually, or in form of interviews
-quantitive with a likert scale (bipolar scale?)
-qualitative comments can be added
-easy to represent in a graph
RADAR GRAPH USED
: is it reliable if only you are completing it?
: are the questions suitable and fitting?
: do the questions answer the enquiry questions?
: is the scale wide enough/ too wide
RISK assessment
1) danger of traffic + cars
- wait at traffic lights
-stay in groups of 3-5
2) being robbed
-don’t take valuables
-keep valuables, money and mobile phones in bags
3)getting lost
-have a group leader leading the general direction
-stay in groups 3-5
Fieldwork summary
Fieldwork was undertaken along a TRANSECT from Aldgate station to Bow interchange, with 8 sampling sites along
Enquiry question:
How does the environmental quality vary and the land-use change with distance from the CBD travelling eastwards?
HYPOTHESIS:
Environmental quality will improve
Land use will change from commercial to residential
SYSTEMATIC sampling
-samples chosen in a regular, ordered way (e.g every other person, every 50m)
-eliminates bias
-no knowledge needed of population
-may cause misinterpretation of the pattern
STRATIFIED sampling
-samples chosen based on categories and the proportion of their representation within the sample size
-previous knowledge required of population
-many not have access to each category
-accurate representation of whole population
-removes bias
RANDOM sampling
Samples are selected entirely randomly- with a random number generator
-eliminates bias
-no knowledge of population needed
-poor representation of overall population
Examples of secondary data: (3)
1) articles + research: knowledge of the east village being built for the Olympic village
2) census: knowledge of ht population, it’s categories, demographic etc.
3) house prices: zoopla (?)
FIELD SKETCHES/ photographs
Field sketches
- can be annotated with relevant information
- clear illustration of relevant buildings
-can be inaccurate because of subjectiveness (e.g can omit litter from drawing)
Photographs
-more detailed + accurate
-can contain irrelevant details
Pedestrian/traffic count
- taken over a minute, 2 members of the group assigned to each one, switch and repeat
- using a tally for efficiency
-vision can be blocked by large trucks/ large crowds of people are difficult to keep a track of
-only represents that moment ( weather? Season? Time of day? Holiday?)
PEDESTRIAN: line graph
TRAFFIC: divided/compound bar graph
Questionnaire
We used systematic sampling, asking every other person that passed
LIMITATIONS:
-language barriers
-people unwilling to answer
-were the questions valid? Too wide? Too specific? (Closed vs open questions vs statement questions)
-only represented small portion as time of the day/ season/ etc.
-can be time-consuming
ADVANTAGES:
-qualitative data
-gathers large range of data
RADAR GRAPH POSITIVES
-visual + easy to spot patterns
-easy to make comparisons across sites
-suitable for different categories/ factors
RADAR GRAPH negatives
-can create connections which don’t actually exist
-hard to judge radii length
LINE GRAPH positives
-easy and quick to construct
-clearly shows trends across continuous data
LINE GRAPH negatives
-difficult to spot anomalies
-can become cluttered with too many lines
-best for showing data across time, less effective comparing between factors
WORD CLOUDS positives
-visual
-large font is easy to read
-good for exploratory analysis
-highlights important words
WORD CLOUDS negatives
-lacks depth for analysis
-can be misleading
-does not distinguish between positive or negative
-difficult to interpret
SCATTERGRAPHS positive
-good for spotting anomalies
-great for overview of trends
-portrays the strength of the relationship
SCATTERGRAPHS negative
-can become clustered and messy
-only shows the relationship between two sets of data
CHLOROPLETH MAP positives
-visual and colourful
-use of gradients across a colour is effective
-clear impression of a trend
CHLOROPLETH map negatives
-distinguishing between shades can be confusing
-if colours are used, the general trend of the map is lost
-groups areas into abrupt groupings- doesn’t acknowledge the gradual change between areas
-no variations between sets are visible
