murmurs

Question 1

describe an innocent murmur

Answer 1

soft systolic ejection murmur

Question 2

causes of pan-systolic murmurs in children

Answer 2

mitral regurgitation (5th intercostal space mid-clavicular line)
tricuspid regurgitation (5th intercostal space, left sternal border)
ventricular septal defect (left lower sternal border)

Question 3

ejection systolic murmurs in children

Answer 3

aortic stenosis
pulmonary stenosis
HOCM

Question 4

causes of splitting of the second heart sound

Answer 4

normal during inspiration
atrial septal defect
pulmonary valve stenosis