urology Flashcards
(14 cards)
management of hypospadias
referred to specialist
corrective surgery when child is 12 months
definition of nephrotic syndrome in children
proteinuria
hypoalbuminaemia
oedema
most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children
minimal change glomerulonephritis
management of minimal change glomerulonephritis
high dose oral steroids
what age do must children achieve night time continence
3-4 years
at what age would you treat enuresis
5 years old
management of nocturnal enuresis
look for possible cause (constipation, DM, UTI)
enuresis alarm- first line
desmopressin if short term control is needed
complications of undescended testis
infertility
torsion
testicular cancer
psychological
management of undescended testes
unilateral: referral from around 3 months
- orchidopexy performed around 1 year
bilateral: reviewed within 24 hours
predisposing factors to UTI
incomplete bladder emptying
vesicoureteric reflux
poor hygiene
presentation of UTI in childhood
infants: poor feeding, vomiting
younger children: abdominal pain, fever, dysuria
older children: dysuria, frequency, haematuria
management of UTI
< 3 months- refer to paediatrician
upper UTI: consider hospital + cephalosporin or co-amoxiclav
lower UTI: oral antibiotics for 3 days
possible presentations of VUR
antenatal: hydronephrosis on US
recurrent childhood UTI
reflex nephropathy: chronic pyelonephritis
investigations for VUR
micturating cystourethrogram
also DMSA scan
