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PHARM 204 (Final) > Muscle > Flashcards

Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal (Cell Type/Nucleus/Innervation)

A

Striated
Multinucleate
Innervated by somatic nervous system

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2
Q

Cardiac (Cell Type/Nucleus/Innervation)

A

Striated
Uninucleate
Innervated by autonomic nervous system

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3
Q

Smooth (Cell Type/Nucleus/Innervation)

A

Not Striated
Uninucleate
Innervated by autonomic nervous system

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4
Q

Endomysium

A

Smallest
- Insulates individual muscle fibre

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5
Q

Perimysium

A

Medium
- Around each fascicle (Bundle of Muscle Fibre)

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6
Q

Epimysium

A

Largest
- Binds fascicles into a muscle

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7
Q

Tenosynovium

A

Epitenon + Paratenon

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8
Q

Endotenon

A

Encloses groups of fiber bundles to form fascicles
- Encloses blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics

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9
Q

Epitenon

A

Sheath that covers entire tendon

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10
Q

Paratenon

A

Double Layered Sheath that surrounds areolar tissue (connective tissue)

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11
Q

Fibers

A

Formed from bundles of Collagen Fibrils

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12
Q

Fascicles

A

Made up of bundles of fibers

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13
Q

How do nerves innervate the muscle?

A

By penetrating through the epimysium

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14
Q

Neuromuscular Synapse

A

Where chemicals are released into for chemical communication between nerve and muscle

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15
Q

Blood Vessels alignment with Nerves

A

Blood vessels are parallel to the nerves that innervate the muscle

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16
Q

Alpha Motor Neuron

A

Cell body in ventral horn of spinal cord or brainstem

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17
Q

Motor Unit

A

Alpha Motor Neurons plus the muscle it innervates

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18
Q

How many muscle fibres does one motor neuron innervate?

A

One motor neuron can innervate several fibres

19
Q

How many neurons can innervate a single fibre

A

Only one neuron innervates a single fibre

20
Q

Muscle Hypertrophy causes

A

Enlargement of muscle
Increase mitochondria
Increase activity of muscle spindles
Increase concentration of glycolytic enzymes
Increase glycogen reserves

21
Q

Muscle Atrophy causes

A

Decreases muscle mass
Decreases muscle tone

Physical Therapy reduces effects of muscle atrophy

22
Q

Parallel Muscle Fibers

A

Arm, abdomen

Long muscle with a central portion (belly)
Fascicles pull in same direction

Contraction: Muscle gets shorter belly gets wider

23
Q

Convergent Muscle Fibers

A

Chest, Shoulder

Fan shape, span a wide area, but, originate from the same base
Fascicules in same direction

24
Q

Pennate Muscle Fibers

A

Feather Stem shape

Contain more muscle fiber than parallel muscles, generate more force

25
Q

Unipennate Muscle Fibers

A

Forearm

Muscle Fibres on one side

26
Q

Bipennate Muscle Fibers

A

Thigh

Muscle fibers on both sides

27
Q

Multipennate Muscle Fibers

A

Shoulder

Branches within the muscle

28
Q

Circular Muscle Fibers

A

Eye

Fibres arranged around an opening
Forms sphincters

29
Q

Axial

A

Head and Vertebral Column
Rib Cage and Pelvic Floor

30
Q

Appendicular

A

Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limb
Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb

Absorbs shocks as you walk

31
Q

Diaphragm (Inhale)

A

Contracts –> Lowers –> Increase Volume

32
Q

Diaphragm (Exhale)

A

Relax –> Rise –> Decrease Volume

33
Q

Pregenital Triangle

A

Anterior Triangle

34
Q

Anal Triangle

A

Posterior Triangle

35
Q

Pelvic Diaphragm

A

Foundation of Pelvic Floor

36
Q

Superficial Transverse Perineal Muscle

A

Separates Urogenital and Anal Trigangle

37
Q

Extrinsic Muscles (Hand)

A

Forearm

38
Q

Intrinsic Muscles (Hand)

A

Palm or Dorsum of hand

39
Q

Accessory Structure: Tendon Sheaths includes what structures

A

9 Flexor Muscle Tendons
&
Median Nerve

40
Q

Flexor Tendon Overuse

A

Repetitive motion of flexor tendons can irritate the sheath coverings
–> Swelling of median nerve in carpal tunnel

41
Q

Flexor Retinaculum

A

Forms roof of carpal tunnel

42
Q

Extrinsic Muscles (Foot)

A

Originate at:
- Distal Femur
- Tibia
- Fibula

Moves the foot and toes

43
Q

Intrinsic Muscles (Foot)

A

Originate at Foot

Moves the toes

PHARM 204 (Final) (14 decks)

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