Flashcards in Muscle 9 Deck (17):
1
What is the protein balance responsive to?
Anabolic stimuli
2
What amount of protein is enough to maximally stimulate protein synthesis?
25g
3
What effect does AA infusion have?
Rapidly increases protein synthesis - but 2hr later it returns to baseline
4
How do essential amino acids stimulate protein synthesis?
mTORC1
5
What are the downstream targets of mTORC1?
4EBP1 and S6K
6
How does arginine stimulate protein synthesis?
mTOR dependent manner – if rapamycin is present, arginine will not be able to increase protein synthesis
7
Where do AAs need to be to increase protein turnover and synthesis?
Extracellular space
8
What does mTOR need to be active?
Translocate to a lysosome
9
What are some anabolic interventions?
Resistance exercise
AA intake
10
How does mTOR become active?
Insulin -Akt -mTOR-lysosome
11
What is important for leucyl tRNA?
couples leucine to tRNA - used by ribosome to build new proteins
Has GTPase activity - when activated by leucine can activate mTOR
12
What is SLC389A part of?
Lysosomal aa machinery that controls mTOR (responds to arginine)
13
Do protein supplements fix protein synthesis levels in elderly?
No - they aren't responding to leucine so more leucine won't fix the problem
14
What is changed in the elderly?
Total mTOR is reduced in elderly, more inflammatory signalling (increased NKB) and reduced response to essential AAs
15
Does increased CHO intake improve protein synthesis?
No
16
How much CHO can be oxidised per hour and what can increase this?
Only 60g of CHO can be oxidised per hour - if you combine glucose and fructose you can further increase CHO oxidation and reduce glycogen use during exercise - improve performance
17