MUSCLE ATTACHMENTS - LEG AND FOOT

Question 1

Tibilias Anterior

Proximal and Distal
Action
Nerve

ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT

Answer 1

Proximal:
- L tib condyle
- A surf of the prox + L 2/3s of tibia
- interosseous membrane
Distal:
M and plantar surfaces of:
- Base MT1
- M cuneiform
Action:
- foot dorsiflex @ TC joint
- inversion (w TP) @ MT and ST joint
- M longitudinal arch
Nerve:
- deep fibular L4,L5

Question 2

Extensor Hallucis Longus

Proximal and Distal
Action
Nerve

ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT

Answer 2

Proximal:
- middle 1/2 A surf of fibula
- interossous membrane
Distal:
- Dorsal surf of dist phalanx (digit1)
- Action:
- ext hallux
- foot dosri @ TC joint
Nerve:
- deep fibula L4,S1

Question 3

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Proximal and Distal
Action
Nerve

ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT

Answer 3

Proximal:
- P 2/3s of A fibula
- interosseous membrane
- L tib condyle
Distal:
- Base of middle + distal phalanges 2-5 via dorsal digital expansion (extensor aponeurosis)
Action:
- ext L 4 toes @ MTP joints
- ext L 4 toes @ IP joints
- aid foot dorsi @ TC Joint
Nerve:
- deep fibular
- L5,L4

Question 4

Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius

Proximal and Distal
Action
Nerve

ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT

Answer 4

Proximal:
- dist 1/4 of A fibula
- interosseous membrane
Distal:
- Dorsal + medial surface at B5th MT
Action:
- foot dorsi @ TC joint
- foot evers @ MT joint
- L longitudinal arch
Nerve:
- deep fibular L5,S1

Question 5

Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus

Proximal and Distal
Action
Nerve

LATERAL COMPARTMENT

Answer 5

Proximal:
- L fib head
- Proximal, L 2/3s of fib
- Distal:
L and plantar surfaces of:
- M cuneiform
- B 5th MT
Action:
- foot evers @ ST + MT joints
- weak foot dorsiflex @ TC joint
- L longitudinal arch
Nerve:
- deep fibular L5,S1

Question 6

Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis

Proximal and Distal
Action
Nerve

LATERAL COMPARTMENT

Answer 6

Proximal:
- distal 2/3s of L surf of fib
Distal:
- Base of MT 5 tuberosity
Action:
- foot evers @ ST + MT joints
- foot plantar @ TC joint
- LLA
Nerve:
- superficial fibular nerve L5,S1

Question 7

Gastrocnemius

Proximal and Distal
Action
Nerve

POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT - TRICEPS SURAE

Answer 7

Proximal:
- Posterior M + L fem condyles
- Knee joint capsule
- Oblique popliteal ligament
Distal:
- Posterior calc via tendocalcaneus
Action:
- foot plantar @ TC joint
- leg flex @ TF joint
Nerve:
- tibial S1,S2

Question 8

Soleus

Proximal and Distal
Action
Nerve

POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT - TRICEPS SURAE

Answer 8

Proximal:
- Soleal line of tibia
- P head of fib
- Prox 1/3 of fib shaft
Distal:
- Posterior calc via tendocalcaneus
Action:
- foot plantar @ TC joint
Nerve:
- tibial nerve S1,S2

Question 9

Plantaris

Proximal and Distal
Action
Nerve

POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT - SUPERFICIAL LAYER

Answer 9

Proximal:
- L supracondylar ridge of femur
- adj popliteal surf of femur
- Knee joint capsule
Distal:
- post calcaneus via tendocalcaneal
Action:
- foot plantar @ TC joint
- leg flex @ TF joint
Nerve:
tibial nerve S1,S2

Question 10

Popliteus

Proximal and Distal
Action
Nerve

POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT - DEEP LAYER

Answer 10

Proximal:
- L femoral condyle
- L meniscus of knee
Distal:
- post tibia above soleal line
Action:
- L fem rot on tib (foot fixed)
- leg flex @TF joint
Nerve:
- tibial nerve L5

Question 11

Tibialis Posterior

Proximal and Distal
Action
Nerve

POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT - DEEP LAYER

Answer 11

Proximal:
- prox P 1/2 of tibia (below soleal line)
- P surf of fib
- interosseous membrane
Distal:
- navicular tuberosity
- Tendinous expansions connect to all tarsal bones (X talus) + bases of 2-4 metatarsals.
Action:
- foot evers @ ST + MT joints
- aid foot plantar @ TC joint
Nerve:
- tibial nerve L4,L5

Question 12

Flexor Digitorum Longus

Proximal and Distal
Action
Nerve

POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT - DEEP LAYER

Answer 12

Proximal:
- Medial P surf of tibia (below soleal line)
Distal:
- Plantar surface of the base of digits 2-5
Action:
- flex joints of all 4 lateral toes (except when ankle is PF)
- aid plantar @ TC joint
Nerve:
- tibial nerve L5,S1,S2

Question 13

Flexor Hallucis Longus

Proximal and Distal
Action
Nerve

POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT - DEEP LAYER

Answer 13

Proximal:
- Distal 2/3s of posterior fib
Distal:
- Plantar surface of the base of digit 1
Action:
- flex D1, pf, inversion, MLA
Nerve:
- tibial nerve L4,S1,S2

Question 14

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Proximal and Distal
Action
Nerve

DORSAL SURFACE

Answer 14

Proximal:
- Sup surf of calcaneus
Distal:
- Dorsal digit expansion of digits 2-4
Action:
- aids EDL -> dorsi digits 2,3,4 @ MTP joints
- aids lumbricals -> dorsi digits 2,3,4 @ IP joints
Nerve:
- deep fibular peroneal L5,S1

Question 15

Extensor Hallucis brevis

Proximal and Distal
Action
Nerve

DORSAL SURFACE

Answer 15

Proximal:
- Sup surf of calcaneus
Distal:
- Dorsal digit expansion of digit 1
Action:
- aids FHL -> dorsi hallux @ MTP joints
Nerve:
- deep fibular peroneal L5,S1

Question 16

Abductor Hallucis

Proximal and Distal
Action
Nerve

PLANTAR SURFACE SURFACE - LAYER 1

Answer 16

Proximal:
- M calcaneal tubercle
- plantar apneourosis
- flexor retinaculum
Distal:
- M side of the base of digit 1
Action:
- abd + plantar hallux @ MTP joints
Nerve:
- medial plantar nerve S1,S2

Question 17

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

Proximal and Distal
Action
Nerve

PLANTAR SURFACE SURFACE - LAYER 1

Answer 17

Proximal:
- M calcaneal tubercle
- plantar apneourosis
Distal:
- M side of the base of digits 2-5
Action:
- plantar @ MTP + IP joints
Nerve:
- medial plantar nerve S1,S2

Question 18

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Proximal and Distal
Action
Nerve

PLANTAR SURFACE SURFACE - LAYER 1

Answer 18

Proximal:
- M + L tuburle of calcaneus
- plantar apneurosis
Distal:
- L side of the base of digit 5
Action:
- abd + plantar digit 5 @ MTP joints
Nerve:
- lateral plantar nerve S2,S3

Question 19

Quadratus Plantae (Flexor Accessorius)

Proximal and Distal
Action
Nerve

PLANTAR SURFACE SURFACE - LAYER 2

Answer 19

Proximal:
- M + L tuburle of calcaneus
- long plantar lig
Distal:
- tendon of flecor digitorum longus
Action:
- aids long flexor tendon -> plantar L 4 toes joints
Nerve:
- lateral plantar nerve S2,S3

Question 20

Lumbricals x4

Proximal and Distal
Action
Nerve

PLANTAR SURFACE SURFACE - LAYER 2

Answer 20

Proximal:
- sides of the flexor digitorium longus tendon
Distal:
- M side of the base of prox phalanges 2-5 and dorsal sigital expansion
Action:
- toe plantar @MTP joints
- toe dorsi @ IP joints
Nerve:
- 1st (medial) -> M plantar nerve S1,S2
- 2nd, 3rd, 4th (lateral) -> L plantar nerve S2,S3

Question 21

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

Proximal and Distal
Action
Nerve

PLANTAR SURFACE SURFACE - LAYER 3

Answer 21

Proximal:
- plantar surf of cuboid + adj L cuneiform
Distal:
- sides of base of prox digit 1
Action:
- plantar hallux @ MTP joint
Nerve:
- M plantar nerve S1,S2

Question 22

Adductor Hallucis

Proximal and Distal
Action
Nerve

PLANTAR SURFACE SURFACE - LAYER 3

Answer 22

Proximal:
Oblique head:
- plantar surf of base of MT 2-4
Transverse head:
- plantar surf of MTP joints 3-5
- deep transverse MT lig
Distal:
- L side of base of prox digit 1
Action:
- add hallux towards 2nd toe
- plantar hallux @ MTP joint
Nerve:
- L plantar nerve S1,S2

Question 23

Flexor Digiti minimi

Proximal and Distal
Action
Nerve

PLANTAR SURFACE SURFACE - LAYER 3

Answer 23

Proximal:
- plantar surf base of MT 5
Distal:
- plantar surf of prox digit 5
Action:
- plantar 5th toe @ MTP joint
- support L longitudinal arch
Nerve:
- L plantar nerve S1,S2

Question 24

Dorsal Interossei x4

Proximal and Distal
Action
Nerve

PLANTAR SURFACE SURFACE - LAYER 4

Answer 24

Proximal:
- Prox 1.2 of sides of adj MT
Distal:
first:
- M side of prox digit 2
second - fourth:
- L sides of prox digits 2-4
Action:
- abd toes @ MTP joints
- w P interossei = plantar @ MTP joints
Nerve:
- L plantar nerve S1,S2

Question 25

# Plantar Interossei x3 Proximal and Distal Action Nerve | PLANTAR SURFACE SURFACE - LAYER 4

Answer 25

**Proximal:** - Plantar + M surf of base of prox MT 3-5 **Distal:** M side of bsae of prox digits 3-5 **Action:** - add digits 3,4,5 @ MTP joints - w D interossi = plantar L 3 toes @ MTP joints **Nerve:** - L plantar nerve S1,S2

Question 26

# Coccygeus Proximal and Distal Action Nerve

Answer 26

**Proximal:** - ischial spine **Distal:** - L coccyx - Lower L sacrum **Action:** - support pelvic + abdominal viscera - helps INCR in intra-abdominal pressure - act as sphincters for passageways thru urethra, vagina, anus - assist in childbirth (forms a 'gutter' for head of foetus) **Nerve:**

Question 27

# Extensor Hallucis Brevis Proximal and Distal Action Nerve

Answer 27

**Proximal:** - Upper surface of the calcaneus **Distal:** - Dorsal digital expansion digit 1 **Action:** **Nerve:**

Question 28

Components of the Levator ani

Answer 28

- Puborectalis - Pubococcygeus - Iliococcygeus

Question 29

# Puborectalis Origin Action Nerve

Answer 29

**Origin:** - anorectal junction **Action:** - prevents faecal incontinence by forming a sling behind the rectum (creates the amorectal angle) **Nerve:**

Question 30

# Flexor Digitorum Brevis Proximal and Distal Action Nerve

Answer 30

**Proximal:** - Med tubercle of the calcaneus **Distal:** - Plantar surface of the base of the middle phalanx of digits 2–5 **Action:** **Nerve:**

Question 31

# Pubococcygeus Proximal and Distal Action Nerve

Answer 31

**Proximal:** - Post surface of pubic bofy - Tendinous arch **Distal:** - Coccyx - Perineal Body - Anococcygeal raphe **Action:** - support pelvic + abdominal viscera - helps INCR in intra-abdominal pressure - act as sphincters for passageways thru urethra, vagina, anus - assist in childbirth (forms a 'gutter' for head of foetus) **Nerve:**

Question 32

# Illiococcygeus Proximal and Distal Action Nerve

Answer 32

**Proximal:** - Ischial spine - Tendinous arch **Distal:** - Coccyx - Perineal Body - Anococcygeal raphe **Action:** - support pelvic + abdominal viscera - helps INCR in intra-abdominal pressure - act as sphincters for passageways thru urethra, vagina, anus - assist in childbirth (forms a 'gutter' for head of foetus) **Nerve:**

Question 33

# Abductor Hallucis Proximal and Distal Action Nerve

Answer 33

**Proximal:** - Medial tubercle of the calcaneus **Distal:** - Medial aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx of digit 1 (with Flexor Hallucis Brevis) **Action:** **Nerve:**

Question 34

# Abductor Digiti Minimi Proximal and Distal Action Nerve

Answer 34

**Proximal:** - M + L calcaneal tubercles **Distal:** - Lat aspect base of proximal phalanx digit 5 **Action:** **Nerve:**

Question 35

# Flexor Accessorius (quadratus plantae) Proximal and Distal Action Nerve

Answer 35

**Proximal:** - M + L calcaneal tubercles **Distal:** - Tendon of the FDL **Action:** **Nerve:**

Question 36

# Lumbricals Proximal and Distal Action Nerve

Answer 36

**Proximal:** - adj sides of the FDL tendon **Distal:** - Base of the proximal phalanx via the dorsal digital expansion of digits 2–5 **Action:** **Nerve:**

Question 37

# Flexor Hallucis Brevis Proximal and Distal Action Nerve

Answer 37

**Proximal:** - Plantar surface of the cuboid + adjacent lat cuneiform **Distal:** - Med + lat aspects at the base of prox phalanx of digit 1 **Action:** **Nerve:**

Question 38

# Adductor Hallucis Proximal and Distal Action Nerve

Answer 38

**Proximal:** - Oblique head from the base of metatarsals 2,3,4 - Transverse head from plantar surface of MTP joints 3,4,5 **Distal:** - Lat aspect at the base of prox phalanx of digit 1 (w FHB) **Action:** **Nerve:**

Question 39

# Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Proximal and Distal Action Nerve

Answer 39

**Proximal:** - Plantar surface at the base of metatarsal 5 **Distal:** - Plantar surface of the prox phalanx digit 5 **Action:** **Nerve:**

Question 40

# Dorsal Interossei Proximal and Distal Action Nerve

Answer 40

**Proximal:** - Prox 1/2 of adjacent metatarsals **Distal:** - Side of prox phalanx of digits 2,3,4 **Action:** **Nerve:**

Question 41

# Plantar Interossei Proximal and Distal Action Nerve

Answer 41

**Proximal:** - Base + prox 1/2 of the shaft of metatarsal's **Distal:** - Base of prox phalanx digits 3,4,5 **Action:** **Nerve:**