HIP JOINT

Question 1

Hip joint classification

Answer 1

• synovial, multiaxial,
  ball-and-socket

Question 2

Articular surfaces of the Hip joint

Answer 2

• Head of femur
• Acetabulum of hip bone
  (innominate)

Question 3

Structure of the Head of the Femur

Answer 3

• “ball”, covered in articular cartilage in all areas EXCEPT the fovea capitis

Question 4

What are the 2 areas of the Acetabulum?

Answer 4

1. semilunar area (lunate surface):
- covered w articular cartliage
2. acetabular fossa:
- non-articular area

Question 5

Structure of the Lunate Surface

Answer 5

• covered with articular cartilage (hayline)

Question 6

Function of the Lunate Surface

Answer 6

• ⬇️ friction

Question 7

What is the Acetabular notch bridges by?

Answer 7

• bridged by transverse ligament of the acetabulum

Question 8

Structure of the Acetabular Labrum

Answer 8

• fibrocartilaginous wedge attached around acetabular rim

Question 9

Function of the Acetabular Labrum

Answer 9

• deepens the acetabulum
  → increases stability

Question 10

Structure of Acetabular Fossa

Answer 10

• X articular area

Question 11

Function of Acetabular Fossa

Answer 11

• attach to ligamentum teres

Question 12

Structure of the Acetabular Fat Pad

Answer 12

• w in acetabular fossa
• X articular

Question 13

Function of the Acetabular Fat Pad

Answer 13

• store and secrete synovial fluid
• proprioception

Question 14

Structure of the Articular Capsule

Answer 14

• outler layer: fibrous CT
• inner layer: syn membrane (loose CT- lubricates joint)
• capsular ligaments
• thickest ant + sup

Question 15

Where is Synovial Membrane found in the hip joint?

Answer 15

• lines internal surface of articular
  capsule and covers acetabular labrum

Question 16

Hip joint movements - flexion and extension

Answer 16

• Flexion: 120°
• Extension: 20°

Question 17

Hip joint movements - adduction + abduction

Answer 17

• Abduction: 45°
• Adduction: 45°

Question 18

Hip joint movements - Medial/internal + lateral/external rotation

Answer 18

• Medial/internal rotation: 45°
• Lateral/external rotation: 45°

Question 19

Capsular Ligaments in the Hip Joint

Iliofemoral lig - origin and insertion

anterior

Answer 19

• O: AIIS and acetabular rim
• I: intertrochanteric
  line

Question 20

Capsular Ligaments in the Hip Joint

Bands of the Iliofemoral ligament

anterior

Answer 20

1. Superior band:
   - ⬇️ ext, add
   and ext rotation
2. Inferior band:
   - ⬇️ ext and
   ext rotation

Question 21

Capsular Ligaments in the Hip Joint

Pubofemoral lig origin + insertion

anteroinferiorly

Answer 21

O: iliopubic eminence
I: lower part of
intertrochanteric line
* Blends with inferior band of
iliofemoral ligament

anteroinferiorly

Question 22

Capsular Ligaments in the Hip Joint

Pubofemoral lig function

anteroinferiorly

Answer 22

• ⬇️ ext, abd,
  and lat/ext rotation

anteroinferiorly

Question 23

Capsular Ligaments in the Hip Joint

Ischiofemoral lig origin + insertion

posterior

Answer 23

• O: body of ischium
• I: neck + root of greater trochanter

posterior

Question 24

Capsular Ligaments in the Hip Joint

Ischiofemoral lig function

Answer 24

• ⬇️ ext, abd,
  and med rotation

Question 25

Capsular Ligmanents ## Footnote standing extension flexion

Answer 25

- Under moderate tension during standing - Taut during extension - Relaxed during flexion

Question 26

# Intracapsular ligaments Transverse ligament of acetabulum origin

Answer 26

- O: bridges acetabular notch

Question 27

# Intracapsular ligaments Ligamentum teres origin and insertion ## Footnote enclosed in syn membrane

Answer 27

- O: acetabular notch and transverse ligament of acetabulum - I: fovea capitis ## Footnote enclosed in syn membrane

Question 28

# Intracapsular ligaments Ligamentum teres function

Answer 28

- in adults = ? - in children = has a small artery in early life that becomes obliterated in late childhood

Question 29

Trochanteric Bursa - location

Answer 29

- bw greater trochanter and iliotibial tract

Question 30

Iliopectineal Bursa (aka iliposoas bursa) - location

Answer 30

- bw articular capsule of hip joint and iliopsoas tendon

Question 31

Structure and function of Bursae

Answer 31

- s: syniovial fluid-filled sac - f: reduce friction / lubrication

Question 32

Factors increasing stability at the hip joint

Answer 32

- head + socket = congruent - acetabular labrum (deepens it) - capsular ligaments (strengthens) - muscles –> bring joint surfaces together - angle of inclination: - approx. 125° - increases contact area of articular surfaces

Question 33

Hip Joints Closed-Packed Position

Answer 33

extension medial roation abduction