GAIT

Question 1

What is gait?

Answer 1

• style of walking
• repetious sequence of limbs to move the body forward

stance: 60%GC (foot in contact w ground)
swing: 40%GC (foot X in contact w ground)

Question 2

gait cycle - terminology

Stride length
Step length

Answer 2

1. Stride length:
- distance bw 2 heel strikes of same foot
2. Step length:
- distance bw 2 heel strikes of opposite foot

Question 3

gait cycle - terminology

Gait and Gait Cycle

Answer 3

Gait:
- style of walking
Gait cycle:
- one full cycle from hel strike of one foot to the next heel strike of the same foot

Question 4

gait cycle - terminology

Ground Reaction Force (GRF)

Answer 4

• force the ground exerts back on the body during contact

Question 5

Centre of Gravity

What is CoG

Answer 5

• concentration of BW
• static anatomical position: anterior to vertebral S2
• ⬆️est = midstance

Question 6

Centre of Gravity

Why is it important to limit CoG?

Answer 6

• minimise energy expenditure
• limit wear + tear of muscles

Question 7

Centre of Gravity

Factors limiting movements of CoG

Answer 7

Vertical movements of CoG:
1. stance:
- inversion / eversion
- limits inf and sup movem of CoG
2. late stance:
- plantarflex
- limits inf movem of CoG
3. swing phase:
- A pelvic tilt
- limits inf movem of CoG
4. support phase:
- knee flex
- limits sup movem of CoG
5. swing phase:
- A pelvic tilt
- knee flex @ early swing
- limits sup movem of CoG

Question 8

What is happening in trendelenburg gait, for someone how has R side pelvic drop?

Answer 8

• L side affected bc of weak L hip abd (glute med + min)
• t/f they X ecc contract to stablise the pelvic so R pelvic drop occurs during mid-stance

Question 9

GC

HIP - ROM

Answer 9

• 30º flex
• 20º ext
• total range 50º
• pelvis + trunk = erect
• BW moves over supporting foot

Question 10

GC

KNEE - ROM

Answer 10

• 60º flex
• 0º ext
• 55-60º total range
• ⬇️ length of swing length so foot clearence can occur

Question 11

GC

ANKLE - ROM

Answer 11

• 20º plantar
• 5º dorsi
• 25º total range

Question 12

GC

Initial contact

Answer 12

funciton:
- pos limb for stance pos

Question 13

GC

Loading Response

Answer 13

funciton:
- shock absorb
- weight acceptance

Question 14

GC

Mid Stance

Answer 14

funciton:
- stability
- progression over foot

Question 15

GC

Terminal Stance

Answer 15

function:
- progression of body beyonf supporting foot

Question 16

GC

Pre-swing

Answer 16

function:
- pos limb for swing phase

Question 17

GC

Initial Swing

Answer 17

function:
- foot clearence
- advance limb

Question 18

GC

Mid-swing

Answer 18

function:
- foot clearence
- adv limb

Question 19

GC

Terminal-swing

Answer 19

function:
- complete advancement
- prepare for new gait cycle

Question 20

Describe the trunk movements during gait

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Answer 20

• thorax contralaterally rotates in relation to the pelvis -> ↑ stability
• upper limb swings forward with the contralateral lower limb (e.g., right arm with left leg) -> ↓ energy expenditure