muscle skeletal system

Question 1

what are the types of contractions

Answer 1

isotonic, isometric, concentric, eccentric

Question 2

how can muscles contract

Answer 2

contract and shorten or contract and legthen

Question 3

what is a isotonic muscle contraction

Answer 3

when the muscle changes length when contracted can be split into concentric and eccentric contraction

Question 4

what is a isotonic concentric contraction

Answer 4

when the muscle shortens when contracting

Question 5

an example of isotonic concentric contraction

Answer 5

biceps curl

Question 6

what is isotonic eccentric contraction

Answer 6

the muscle lengthen when contracting

Question 7

an example of isotonic eccentric contraction

Answer 7

lowering a dumbbell

Question 8

what is an isometric contraction

Answer 8

the muscle does not undergo any change in length when it contracts, the muscle contracts to maintain stability of the position of the body

Question 9

example of a isometric contraction

Answer 9

a handstand

Question 10

what is the name given to the agonist muscle

Answer 10

prime mover

Question 11

what is the agonist muscle

Answer 11

prime instigator of a joint movement, helps to care the movement of a joints related limb

Question 12

what is the antagonistic muscle

Answer 12

this is the muscle that opposes the motion of the agonist muscle to ensure that the movement is performed

Question 13

what is a fixator muscle

Answer 13

the muscle works to stabilise the origin of the agonist

Question 14

what is a synergist muscle

Answer 14

muscle that stabilises the joint that is moving

Question 15

what does fle 123 mean

Answer 15

1st class lever system has the fulcrum in the middle
2nd class lever system has the lever in the middle
3rd class lever system has the effort in the middle

Question 16

what is the load

Answer 16

the weight that needs to be moved

Question 17

what is the effort

Answer 17

the force needed to move the load which is a muscle

Question 18

what is the fulcrum

Answer 18

is the location of the movement, the joint

Question 19

what is the effort arm

Answer 19

the distance from the fulcrum to the effort

Question 20

what is the load arm

Answer 20

the distance from the fulcrum to the load

Question 21

what are the mechanical disadvantages of the 3rd class lever system

Answer 21

effort is larger than load, large loads cannot be moved but smaller loads can be moved greater speeds

Question 22

what is the mechanical advantages of the 2nd class lever system

Answer 22

load is close to fulcrum and effort is further away from the fulcrum meaning u can mover large loads

Question 23

what happens in the first stage of the stretch shorten cycle

Answer 23

eccentric stage-allows preload of the muscle, allowing it to store elastic energy

Question 24

what happen in the 2nd stage of the stretch shorten cycle

Answer 24

amortisation stage- between the eccentric and concentric stage, the shorter this stage the more powerful the movement

Question 25

what happens in the 3rd stage of the stretch shorten cycle

Answer 25

concentric stage- stored elastic energy helps produce a more powerful concentric contraction

Question 26

what are the different types of movement

Answer 26

flexion, extension adduction, abduction circummucation, rotation plantar/dorsi flexion pronation, supernantion inversion, eversion horizontal flexion and extension

Question 27

what is pronation

Answer 27

rotation of forearm, so palm of hand faces outwards

Question 28

what is supernantion

Answer 28

rotation of forearm, palm of hand faces upward

Question 29

where does inversion and eversion only take place

Answer 29

foot/ ankle

Question 30

what is inversion

Answer 30

turning sole of foot inwards

Question 31

what is eversion

Answer 31

turning sole of foot outwards

Question 32

what is horizontal flexion

Answer 32

movement of the arm in a horizontal plane towards the centre of the body

Question 33

what is horizontal extension

Answer 33

movement of the arm in a horizontal plane away from the centre of the body

Question 34

how many laws of motion is there

Answer 34

3

Question 35

what is the 1st law called

Answer 35

law of inertia

Question 36

what happens in the 1st law

Answer 36

an objects state of motion will not change unless acted upon by an external force

Question 37

what is the 2nd law called

Answer 37

law of acceleration

Question 38

what happens in the 2nd law

Answer 38

an object will accelerate in the same direction as the force exerted on it and the amount of acceleration is directly proportional to the force

Question 39

what is the 3rd law called

Answer 39

law of action and reaction

Question 40

what happens in the 3rd law

Answer 40

for every action their is a equal and opposite reaction

Question 41

what is force

Answer 41

it is a push or pull exerted onto an object

Question 42

what is the equation for force

Answer 42

force=acceleration x mass

Question 43

what is stability

Answer 43

the objects resistance to a changing position

Question 44

what can affect stability

Answer 44

area of support centre of mass position of the line of gravity body mass

Question 45

how will area of support affect stability

Answer 45

the wider the base will increase it

Question 46

how will centre of mass affect stability

Answer 46

raising the centre of mass will reduce stability

Question 47

how will the position of line of gravity affect stability

Answer 47

a line of gravity which is close to the centre of mass will result in greater stability

Question 48

how will body mass affect stability

Answer 48

the greater mass of the body the greater the stability

Question 49

what is centre of mass

Answer 49

the point at which the total body mass in concentrated

Question 50

what is position line of gravity

Answer 50

the line through which gravity acts

Question 51

characteristics of slow twitch muscle fibres

Answer 51

-high mitochondria density allows better energy production from aerobic system - high myoglobin content allows better oxygen carrying capacity -high capillary density allows better exchange of gases -high oxidative enzyme acidity allows more energy to be produced from aerobic system.

Question 52

characteristics of type 11x muscle fibres

Answer 52

high in pc- higher rate of contraction high stores of pc- maintain high rate pf contraction for longer increased fibre size-allows increased strength high force production- allows speed/power high actin and myosin- allows faster contraction