muscles of facial expression

Question 1

muscles around the 2 main orifices

Answer 1

• orbicular oris
• depressor anguli oris
• depressor labii inferioris
• mentalis
• zygomaticus major
• levator labii superioris
• levator anguli oris (deep)
• levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
• orbicularis oculi

Question 2

orbicularis oris

Answer 2

Question 3

depressor anguli oris

Answer 3

Question 4

depressor labii inferioris

Answer 4

Question 5

mentalis

Answer 5

Question 6

zygomaticus major

Answer 6

Question 7

levator labii superioris

Answer 7

Question 8

levator anguli oris (deep)

Answer 8

Question 9

levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

Answer 9

Question 10

orbicularis oculi

Answer 10

Question 11

parotid gland

Answer 11

Question 12

parotid duct

Answer 12

Question 13

facial artery and vein

Answer 13

Question 14

trace the facial nerve’s course through the skull

Answer 14

• internal acoustic meatus and stylomastoid foramen
• petrous bone

Question 15

intracranial facial nerves definition

Answer 15

the course of the nerve through the cranial cavity and the cranium itself

Question 16

extracranial facial nerves definition

Answer 16

the course of the nerve outside the cranium through the face and neck

Question 17

intracranial facial nerves course

Answer 17

• arises in the pons (area of the brainstem)
• the motor root and sensory root travel through the internal acoustic meatus into the facial canal
• roots fuse to form the facial nerve
• nerve forms the geniculate ganglion
• facial nerve exits the facial canal and cranium through the stylomastoid foramen (posterior to the styloid process of the temporal bone)

Question 18

intracranial facial nerve branches

Answer 18

• greater petrosal nerve
• nerve to stapedius
• chorda tympani

Question 19

greater petrosal nerve

Answer 19

supply parasympathetic fibers to the nerves that travel from the pterygopalatine ganglion to structures of the mouth, throat, nasal passages, and eyes

Question 20

nerve to stapedius

Answer 20

enable the muscle to be involved in the auditory middle ear reflex, having a crucial role in protecting the auditory system from damage

Question 21

chorda tympani

Answer 21

carry information about taste and other sensations from your taste buds to your brain; involved in the salivary function

Question 22

extracranial facial nerve course

Answer 22

• after exiting the skull, the facial nerve turns superiorly to run anterior to the outer ear
• motor root (main trunk of the nerve) continues anteriorly and inferiorly into the parotid gland

Question 23

extracranial facial nerve branches

Answer 23

• posterior auricular nerve

branches of the motor root:
- temporal branch
- zygomatic branch
- buccal branch
- marginal mandibular branch
- cervical branch

Question 24

the parotid gland is innervated by…

Answer 24

the glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 25

which branches are responsible for innervating the muscles of facial expression

Answer 25

branches of the motor root

Question 26

muscles that receive motor innervation from the facial nerve

Answer 26

- the auricular muscles - the posterior belly of the digastric muscle - the stapedius muscle - the stylohyoid muscle

Question 27

examples of pathology that can affect the facial nerve and symptoms

Answer 27

- most common cause of facial paralysis is Bell's palsy, which is thought to be a viral infection of the facial nerve - other causes of facial nerve paralysis include head trauma, parotid tumors, head or neck cancers, infections, brain tumors or stroke - mild weakness to total paralysis on one side of your face occurring within hours to days - facial droop - difficulty making facial expressions - drooling - pain around the jaw or in or behind your ear on the affected side - increased sensitivity to sound on the affected side - headache - loss of taste - changes in the amount of tears and saliva produced