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CA Lecture 3 > Musculature System > Flashcards

Musculature System Flashcards

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1
Q

What makes up the muscles?

A

Mesoderm

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2
Q

list five functions of muscles

A

Locomotion, food capture, weight, distribution protection of viscera circulation of blood, movement of chime, electricity

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3
Q

Electric organs of fish are specialized blocks of muscle that are used for

A

To kill prey or defense

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4
Q

MESENCHYME embryonic source of muscle is

A

Embryonic connective tissue derived from MESODERM. Smooth muscles within the walls of some blood vessels and some organs.

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5
Q

HypoMERE embryonic sources of muscle is

A

Paired, cardiac muscle in the smooth muscle of the elementary canal development of splanchnic MESODERM of the hypoMERE

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6
Q

PARAXIAL MESODERM embryonic source of muscle is

A

Next to node cord, becomes soulmates/myotome and SOMITOMERES, most skeleton muscles, BRANCHIOMERIC and hypobranchial muscles

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7
Q

Origin of smooth muscle

A

MESENCHYME and splanchnic MESODERM of HYPOMERE

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8
Q

Is smooth muscle striated

A

No

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9
Q

Is smooth muscle voluntary or involuntary

A

Involuntary

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10
Q

What is smooth muscle associated with?

A

Digestive organs, bladder, skin, uterus, blood vessels

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11
Q

Describe smooth muscle

A

0.3 through 0.5 MM long, central nucleus

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12
Q

What is smooth muscle innervated by

A

Visceral motor neurons in a two neuron chain

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13
Q

What is the origin of cardiac muscle?

A

SPLANCHNIC MESODERM of HYPOMERE

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14
Q

Is cardiac muscle striated?

A

Yes

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15
Q

Is cardiac muscle involuntary or voluntary?

A

Involuntary

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16
Q

Where is cardiac muscle found?

A

Myocardium of heart

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17
Q

Features of cardiac muscle

A

Form SYNCYTIUM via intercalated disc, have central nucleus

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18
Q

What is cardiac muscle innervated by?

A

Visceral motor neurons that have two neuron chains

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19
Q

what is this a picture of?

A

Smooth muscle

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20
Q

What is this a picture of?

A

Cardiac muscle

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21
Q

What is the origin of skeletal muscle?

A

MYOTOME of SOMITES

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22
Q

Is skeletal muscle striated

A

Yes

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23
Q

Is skeletal muscle, involuntary or voluntary?

A

Voluntary

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24
Q

describe skeletal muscle

A

Cells, fibers, large, one through 30 MM, multinucleate

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25
Where are the nuclei in fish, reptiles birds and mammals?
And fish, the nuclei are central, but reptiles birds and mammals. They are peripheral.
26
What is skeletal muscle innervated by?
Visceral motor neurons, and two neuron chain, somatic, motor, neuron, motor end plate
27
What is skeletal muscle bundled by?
Connective, tissue, endomysium, perimysium, and EPINYSIUM
28
What is the origin of BRANCHIOMERIC muscle
MYOTOME and SOMITOMERES
29
Is BRANCHIOMERIC muscle striated
Yes
30
Is BRANCHIOMERIC voluntary or involuntary?
Both
31
What is BRANCHIOMERIC homologous to
Skeletal muscle
32
What is BRANCHIOMERIC associated with
pHARYNGEAL/Gill bars
33
What is BRANCHIOMERIC muscle innervated by
Bronchial visceral motor neurons single chain
34
What is this a picture of?
Skeletal muscle
35
MYOFILAMENTS of muscle
Actin, myosin
36
What is aCTIN?
Thinnest filaments of the cytoskeleton
37
What is myosin?
ATP dependent motor neuron
38
Homology of muscle is based on
Similar function, common embryonic, origins, muscle nerve constancy (FURBRINGER hypothesis)
39
Origin of axial muscles and shark. The SOMITOMERE contribute to.
Head musculature, extrinsic eye muscles, branchioMeric muscles of the PHARYNGEAL arches equals supplied by cranial nerves
40
Origin of axial muscles in the shark the myotomes of trunk SOMITES give rise to
Axial and appendicular skeletal muscles
41
Origin of axial muscles in the shark the HYPOBRANCHIAL musculature is formed by
Cervical MYOTOMES grow eventually into the throat, supplied by spinal nerves, and one cranial nerve
42
Types of axial muscles
EPAXIAL, HYPAXIAL are below
43
Major EPAXIAL muscles
Located external to the backbone, going from the head to the tail
44
Major HYPAXIAL muscles
Lateral group, medial group, ventral group
45
Muscles of inspiration and expiration or what kind of muscle muscles
HYPAXIAL
46
What are hypobranchial muscles of the shark?
CORACOARCUALS, CORACOHYOID, CORACOMANDIBULARS,CORACOBRACHIALIS
47
What are the hypobranchial muscle of a cat?
STERNOHYOID, OMOHYOID, THYOHYOID, GENIOHYOID
48
What is the cranial nurse supply of HYPOBRANCHIAL muscles?
XII (HYPOGLOSSAL) and C1, C2 and C3
49
Shark BRANCHIOMERIC muscles and their cranial nerve supply
SPIRACULARIS, ADDUCTOR mandibula, INTERMANDIBULARIS, cranial nerve five LEVATOR HYOMANDIBULAE, INTERHYOIDEUS cranial nerve seven CUCULLARIS, INTERARCUALS, INTERBRANCHIALS cranial nerve 9,10 and 11
50
Cat BRANCHIOMERIC muscles and their cranial nerve supply
MASSETER, TEMPORALIS, PTERYGOIDS cranial nerve five, STAPEDIUS ear, facial muscles, stylohyoid cranial nerve seven Trapezius, muscle, muscles of larynx and PHARYNX, sternocleidomastoid. Cranial nerves 9,10 and 11.
51
BRANCHIOMERIC Muscles associated with arch I
LEVATOR PALATOQUADRATI, PREORBITALIS, ADDUCTOR space MANDIBULAE, INTERMANDIBULARIS
52
BRANCHIOMERIC Muscles associated with arch II
LEVATOR space HYOMANDIBULAE, INTERHYOIDEUS, ventral constructor HYOIDEUS
53
BRANCHIOMERIC Muscles associated with arch III, iV, V, VI, VII
Subspinalis, INTERPHARYNGOPRANCHIAL, CUCULLARIS, lateral INTERARCUALS
54
Trigeminal nerve five innervates which arch
Mandibular arch arch one
55
Facial nerve seven innervates which arch
HYOID arch arch two
56
Glossopharyngeal nerve nine innervates which arch
Arch three
57
Vagus nerve 10 innervate switch arch
Arches nine through 12
58
In tetrapod, the musculature of the hyoid expands as a thin sheet covering the facial region and is involved in ___. These muscles are.
Facial expression, BRANCHIOMERIC iNTERHYOIDEUS/constrictor COLLI muscles
59
Extrinsic ocular muscles originate from how many SOMITOMERE
Three
60
The oculomotor nerve three innervates which muscles
Inferior oblique, medial rectus, superior and inferior rectus
61
The tROCHLEAR nerve four innervates which muscle
Superior oblique
62
VABDUCENS nerve six innervates which muscle
Lateral rectus
63
Development of the appendicular musculature, DERMATONE
DERMATONE sells migrate from SOMITE to form the dermis
64
Development of the appendicular musculature, MYOTOME and MESENCHYME
MYOTOME of trunk SOMITES and MESENCHYME of the somatic layer of lateral plate mesoderm from hypmere migrate to the limb but
65
What is the skeletal precursor?
HYPOMERE
66
What is the muscle precursor?
MYOTOME
67
Development of the appendicular musculature, myotome
Myotome also gives rise to epaxial and hypaxial trunk muscles
68
What do tendons do?
Tendons distribute the forces of muscle contractions to sites distance from the muscle itself
69
The difference between aPONEUROSES and fascia
Tendons drawn out into thin, flat sheets of tough connective tissue are APONEUROSES. Sheets of fibrous, connective, tissues, that wrapped and vine parts of the body together are considered fascia.
70
How does the insertion site affect strength and speed?
If it is distal insertion, you'll have greater strength. If it is proximal insertion, you'll have greater speed.
71
What is flexion and extension?
Flexion is bending and extension is straightening
72
What is protraction and retraction?
Protraction is moving forward from its space, retraction is pulling it back
73
What is aDDUCTIN and abduction?
ADDUCTION is moving towards the body abduction is moving away from the body
74
General trend of appendicular muscularture in fish
Simple muscles on dorsal and ventral surfaces
75
General trends of appendicular musculature in tetrapod
More prominent, split and divide, increased complexity, muscle contributions from multiple sources like axial and BRANCHIOMERIC especially in the shoulder, very specialized tetrapod deviate from these trends
76
Muscular of the muscular sling
BRANCIOMERIC muscles include trapezius, AXIAL muscles include rhomboideus complex, serratus ventralis, pectoralis, forelimb musculature includes pectoralis

CA Lecture 3 (6 decks)

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