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CA Lecture 3 > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

Where is the respiratory system derived from?

A

The endoderm

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2
Q

Functions of the respiratory system

A

Gas exchange, cooling, buoyancy, external respiration, internal respiration

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3
Q

Different types of gas exchange of animals

A

Skin in amphibian
Mouth/PHARYNX in amphibians
Gills in fish and amphibians,
Lungs in some fish and tetra pods
CLOACA in some turtles

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4
Q

Cooling

A

Sweat, BUCCOPHARYNGEAL respiration, dog, panting

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5
Q

Buoyancy

A

Air bladder/lungs

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6
Q

external respiration

A

Exchange of O2 and CO2 between environment and blood

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7
Q

Internal respiration

A

Exchange of O2 and CO2 between blood and tissues

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8
Q

unidirectional airflow

A

When the air enters the mouth but does not go out of the mouth and X excretes in a different way

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9
Q

Bidirectional/tidal flow

A

When air enters his mouth and exits the mouth

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10
Q

What is cutaneous respiration?

A

Respiration via skin

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11
Q

Evolution of ventilation mechanism

A

Dual pump, BUCCAL pump, modified BUCCAL pump – these were all mostly fish some amphibians

Aspiration pump in reptiles

Aspiration pump in mammals

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12
Q

What is BUCCAL pump?

A

Moves the floor of the mouth in a rhythmic manner

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13
Q

What are gas bladders?

A

Elongated sack filled with gas can be swim, bladder, or lungs

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14
Q

What is a swim bladder?

A

Gas bladder used to control buoyancy, typically found dorsal to the digestive track

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15
Q

What are lungs

A

Elastic bladder that lie within the body, use for everything. Typically ventral to digestive track and paired.

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16
Q

What is aspiration pump?

A

Move Erin by creating an area of low pressure… Movement of diaphragm

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17
Q

Describe LAMPREY gills

A

When feeding, VELAR tentacles cover the BRANCHIAL pouch. Water is expelled by restriction of the gill ADDUCTOR muscles. Freshwater passively enters upon recoil equals TIDAL Gill ventilation, which is unique to LAMPREYS. When free swimming gear ventilation is unidirectional

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18
Q

In a picture what is the hemi and HOLOBRANCH, respiratory unit/loop

A
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19
Q

Describe gill ventilation, and sharks

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A

Give ventilation and sharks is dual BUCCAL pump draws water in and forces over gills. Larger sharks use ram ventilation.

20
Q

Describe dual BUCCAL opercula pump in TELEOST

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A

Inhalation the BUCCAL chamber expands in the OPERCULAR valve closes. During exhalation the BUCCAL chamber. Contracts in the OPERCULAR valve opens.

21
Q

What type of exchange occurs during respiration?

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A

Countercurrent exchange

22
Q

Why is countercurrent exchange better?

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A

Opposite direction, continues to encounter temperature difference, more heat is transferred

23
Q

What type of exchange occurs in birds?

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A

Cross current

24
Q

What type of exchange occurs in fish?

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A

Countercurrent

25
Varied mechanisms for air, breathing, and fish
Swallowing air, lungs, air bubble against mouth wall, air bubble against reinforce skills
26
Describe air breathing in fish, four stroke pump of air breathing fishes
Sphincter between anterior and posterior lung chambers opens and closes, BUCCAL pump forces air through pneumatic two. Entering fresh air tends to fill the interior chamber, posterior chamber, already filled with air. Sphincter closes, Erin posterior chamber exits through pneumatic tube and out OPERCULUM, Sphincter relaxes, air moves through interior to posterior chamber. In total spent in fresh air is kept separate
27
There are two types of swim bladders
PHYSOSTOMOUS is the PHARYNX is connected to the long via pneumatic duct PHYSOCLISTOUS the PHARYNX and lung are separate
28
Why do fish have air bladders?
Fish tend to sink so the swim, bladder aids, and buoyancy
29
what gases are in the air bladder
Oxygen, CO2, nitrogen
30
Do amphibians have diaphragms
No
31
Four stroke pump BUCCAL pumps in amphibians
Mouth and NARES CLOSe, pulls spent air from lungs by expanding BUCCAL cavity. NARES open, BUCCAL cavity compressed, spent air leaves through nARES NaRES open fresh air enters as BUCCAL cavity is expanded Mouth and nARES close as BUCCAL cavity is compressed, fresh air forced into lungs
32
Two-stroke pump in amphibians
Deoxygenated and fresh air mixes upon expansion of BUCCAL cavity. BUCCAL compression forces mixture to lungs excess exits through NaRES.
33
Respiration in frogs
Drops throat to bring in fresh air to BUCCAL cavity. GLOTTIS opens, thorax compresses, spent air forced from the lungs and expelled, fresh air still in BUCCAL cavity. Throw elevates as naRES close, forcing new air into the lungs Repeated pumping of throat flushes out BUCCAL cavity, PHARYNGEAL respiration also takes place
34
Lung ventilation in reptiles
Compression and expansion of rib cage forces air in and out. Though mechanism very greatly between species. Typically no diaphragm.
35
What muscles work together to move ribs during respiration
External and internal intercostal muscles
36
Specialization in reptile respiration
Contractions still responsible for aspiration of air, posterior portion of body conserve the function when anterior is occupied during feeding
37
Turtle respiration
Can't move ribs to ventilate Sheets of muscles and attach membrane force air in and out of lungs Turtles can also change air pressure within the lungs by moving their limbs in and out of their shell
38
Crocodile respiration
In addition to the rib cage, a diaphragm posterior to liver AIDS and aspiration and crocodiles
39
In a mammal, the aspiration pump includes
The rib cage and diaphragm
40
What does ALVEOLUS means?
Blind ended, found at end of highly branched mammalian respiratory tree
41
FAVEOLUS meaning
Internal subdivision of the long wall that opens into a common central chamber
42
Lung ventilation in birds
Relatively small lungs with many air sacs, air pumped in and out by movement of the rib/sternum. There is no diaphragm.
43
Air movement through avian lung is
Uni directional
44
Does spent in fresh air ever mix in the bird lung
No
45
What is the most efficient gas exchange?
Cross current
46
Respiration in the chicken embryo
Embryo covered by two membranes and a porous calcite shell. Embryonic respiration occurs over the CHORIOALANTOIS lungs are not functional, filled with connective tissue and liquid. On day, 19, chick poke beak into airspace between inner and outer membrane, filling lungs with air

CA Lecture 3 (6 decks)

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