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CA Lecture 3 > Urogenital System > Flashcards

Urogenital System Flashcards

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1
Q

Function of the COELOM in population

A

Allows gut to evolve independently of trunk

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2
Q

Function of the COELOM in individuals

A

Allows gut to move independently of the rest of the body

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3
Q

PLEUROPERITONEAL membrane

A

Allows lungs to operate independently from rest of COELOM. Important for a homeothermic animal.

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4
Q

If the SEROSA/PERITONEUM is on the organ itself. It is called.

A

Visceral

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5
Q

If the SEROSA/PERITONEUM is on the outside of the body wall it is called

A

Parietal

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6
Q

The kidney is developed from the

A

MESOMERE

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7
Q

Once the MESOMERE starts developing into a kidney. It is called D.

A

NephroTOME

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8
Q

The first kidney drained the

A

COELOM

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9
Q

Segmental NEPHROTOMES appear in the

A

Posterior part of the intermediate MESODERM

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10
Q
  1. Fluid from glomerulus is under
A

High pressure

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11
Q
  1. Due to high pressure, fluid leaks out and is filtered over the
A

PERITONEUM into the COELOM

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12
Q
  1. After the COELOM, the fluid moves up the
A

Peritoneal funnel

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13
Q
  1. After the PERITONEAL funnel, the funnel moves up the
A

Tubules and duct

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14
Q
  1. The high-pressure fluid exits the
A

Cloaca

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15
Q

NEPHRIC Tubules develop in the

A

NEPHRIC Ridge

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16
Q

What does the PRONEPHRIC duct become

A

ureter

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17
Q

The URETERIC diverticulum induces the formation of

A

Amniote kidney

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18
Q

excretion of kidney

A

Removal of nitrogen waste

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19
Q

The nephron and the collecting tubal is the

A

URINIFEROS tube

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20
Q

What happens to water in the nephron?

A

It is reabsorbed during the descending limb

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21
Q

Less water is available in which type of loop of Henley

A

Less water available the longer the loop

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22
Q

Excreting ammonia

A

Toxic, energetically, cheap, needs lots of water to flush it out

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23
Q

Uric acid excretion

A

Least, toxic, energetically expensive to produce, least water soluble

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24
Q

who excretes uric acid

A

Snakes, birds

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25
Who excrete ammonia?
Fish
26
Who excretes urea
Mammals, some fish
27
Reptile excretion
Uric acid
28
Bird excretion
Uric acid, loop of Henley in some
29
Mammal excretion
Urea, loop of Henley
30
Marine teleost excretion
Salt, gland, gills, actively transport urine
31
Sharks excretion
Circulates urea in blood equals isotonic to seawater
32
Labre freshwater fish, amphibians
Dilute urine
33
Are freshwater, hypo, osmotic, or hyper osmotic to the environment
Hyperosmotic
34
Or marine fish, hypoosmotic, or hyperosmotic
Hypo Matic to the environment
35
Pre-adaptation of vertebrate kidney
Urea uric acid secretion probably evolved in aquatic animals to allow for dehydration or Osmo regulation. This permitted the CLEIDOIC terrestrial egg which stores uric acid no I know
36
Primordial germ cells from
Endoderm
37
Primordial germ cells go to the
Genital Ridge
38
Going out of the LAMPREY
Sperm release from single testes into COELOM, XO through CLOACA. Eggs released from single ovaries into COELOM. Exit through CLOACA.
39
Development of testes
In response to testosterone, medulla enlarges to become the testes cord that will form the seminiferous tubules connect to the RETE chords which connects to nephrons
40
Salamander kidney
Anterior kidney contains the tubules that drained the testes in addition to excretory nephron's. Both sperm and urine leave via the archinephric duct. Only the posterior kidney is involved in urine production. Drained by ARCINEPHRICDUCT.
41
Bird testes and EPIDIDLYMIS
Has METANEPHRIC kidney. The ARCHINEPHRICDUCT transport sperm only. You are ETER is a separate structure.
42
Ovary formation
Cortex expands, forming secondary sex chords that how the follicles. Our ETE chords become our ETE ovary makes hormones. MESONEPHRIC TUVULES present at this time, but not part of recovery. Primary sex course degenerate and form me chords of the ovary Secondary sex cords grow up informed stroma of the ovary. 90% of the mass of the ovary. Ovaries develop default if testosterone is not present at five weeks
43
All individuals start off with both
ARCHINEPHRIC and MULLERIAN ducts
44
The MULLERIAN ducts are associated with the
Ovary, becomes abduct/fallopian tubes, uterus, and part of the vagina
45
Omnex currents developed from the
Mesonephric/ARCHINEPHRIC DUCT
46
If testes are outside the abdomen, what does this mean?
2 to 3° lower for sperm development
47
the ARCHINEPHRIC DUCT is also known as
Ductus deferens - URETER in ANAMNIOTES
48
Müllerian Duct Development
Mesodermal origin, absent in Agnathan, present in all other extant vertebrates (degenerates in teleost fish) * Are paired ducts that run down the later sides of the urogenital ridge in the embryo, terminating at the urogenital sinus * In absence of testosterone, will develop into the uterine (fallopian) tubes, uterus, cervix, and upper two thirds of the vagina * If testosterone present, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is produced, resulting in degeneration
49
The TESTES of most mammals descend into a
COELOMIC pouch within the scrotum
50
Most vertebrate testes reside in the
Abdomen
51
And most mammals, testes descend into COELOMIC pouch within the scrotum via
Inguinal canal
52
Mammals in which testes remain in the abdomen
MONOTREMES, manatees, elephants, sloths, armadillos
53
Mammals in which testes descend temporarily into the scrotum during mating season
Chipmunks, squirrels, bats, primates
54
And some marsupials, the scrotum is
Pre-penile
55
Development of OOcyte
Primary OOCYTE arrested in diplotene of prophase, one of meiosis First, MEIOTIC division occurs just before ovulation in GRAAFIAN follicle, becomes secondary OOCYTE and first polar body Second meiotic division occurs upon fertilization
56
There are approximately how many OOCYTES in the ovaries at birth
2 million
57
only 300 to 400,000 of OOCYTES survive until
Puberty
58
How many OOCYTES are released by ovulation?
Approximately 400
59
Primordial ovarian follicle
Consist of ovum, enclosed in single layer of simple, squamous, epithelium, very small
60
Primary ovarian follicle
Larger than primordial, enclose in single to multiple layers of cuboidal ti columnar granulosa cells
61
Secondary follicle
Contains fluid filled pockets within GRANULOSA cells
62
GRAAFIAN matures follicle
Large with large antrum
63
What type of uterus does the rabbit have?
Duplex uterus, which has two cervixes
64
What type of uterus does a cat have?
BIPARTITE uterus
65
What type of uterus does many UNGULATES have
BICORNUATE uterus
66
what type of uterus does cows and humans have
Simplex uterus
67
Mammals: insectivores, bats, rodents, carnivores, and most primates have a baculum have what kind of penis
OS penis
68
What type of penis does a snake have?
Hemi penis
69
Do birds have INTROMITTENT organs
No, mostly

CA Lecture 3 (6 decks)

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