Musculo-skeletal System Flashcards
(43 cards)
What contracts during muscle movement?
Agonist contracts
The agonist muscle is the primary muscle responsible for movement.
What relaxes when the agonist contracts?
Antagonist relaxes
The antagonist muscle opposes the action of the agonist.
What do tendons attach?
Muscle to bone
Tendons facilitate the movement of muscles by connecting them to bones.
What do ligaments attach?
Bone to bone
Ligaments provide stability to joints by connecting bones.
What is the role of synergists in muscle movement?
Stabilise a joint
Synergists assist the agonist in performing a movement or stabilizing a joint.
What does ‘articulating’ refer to in anatomy?
Bones that meet and move at the joint
Articulation is crucial for joint function and movement.
Which type of joint is found in the shoulder and hip?
Ball and socket joint
These joints allow for a wide range of motion in multiple directions.
What type of joint allows movement in only one direction?
Hinge joint
Hinge joints restrict movement to a single plane.
Where is the hinge joint found in the body?
- Ankle (talus, tibia, and fibula)
- Knee (femur, tibia)
- Elbow (humerus, radius, and ulna)
Hinge joints are essential for flexion and extension movements.
What is an agonist muscle?
Muscle responsible for creating movement at a joint
The agonist muscle contracts and pulls the bone, raising the joint angle.
What is an antagonist muscle?
Muscle that works in opposition to the agonist
The antagonist muscle relaxes during the movement.
What happens to the bicep and tricep during arm flexion?
Bicep contracts and tricep relaxes
In this action, the bicep is the agonist and the tricep is the antagonist.
Define flexion in terms of joint movement.
Decreasing the angle between the bones of a joint
This typically involves bending movements.
Define extension in terms of joint movement.
Increasing the angle between the bones of a joint
This typically involves straightening movements.
What is plantar flexion?
Pushing up onto your toes
This movement occurs at the ankle joint.
What is dorsiflexion?
Pulling the toes up to the shin
This movement also occurs at the ankle joint.
What is hyperextension?
Increasing angle beyond 180° between bones
This movement can occur in various joints.
Define horizontal abduction.
Movement of a limb forward while held parallel to the ground
This movement typically occurs at the shoulder joint.
Define horizontal adduction.
Movement of a limb backward while held parallel to the ground
This movement also typically occurs at the shoulder joint.
What is an isotonic contraction?
An isotonic contraction is when a muscle contracts to create a movement.
Isotonic contractions can be further categorized into concentric and eccentric contractions.
What occurs during a concentric contraction?
During a concentric contraction, the muscle shortens as the fibers contract.
Example: The upward phase of a bicep curl when the bicep shortens to produce flexion of the elbow.
What happens in an eccentric contraction?
In an eccentric contraction, the muscle fibers contract as the muscle lengthens.
Example: Landing from a jump when the quadriceps perform negative work to support the weight of the body.
True or False: Eccentric contraction occurs when the muscle shortens under tension.
False.
Eccentric contraction occurs when the muscle lengthens under tension.
What is the definition of isometric contraction?
An isometric contraction takes place when the muscle is under tension/contracting but there is no movement occurring.
Isometric contractions are often used in strength training.
