Musculoskeletal Diseases

Question 1

Calcitonin is secreted by the ____.

Answer 1

thryoid

Question 2

_____ decreases bone resorption by suppressing osteoclast activity.

Answer 2

Calcitonin

Question 3

Parathyroid hormone regulates blood level of ___.

Answer 3

Calcium

Question 4

How does parathyroid hormone influence blood levels of Ca?

Answer 4

osteoclastic activity to release CA form bone’
resorption of Ca from kidney
resorption of phosphate

Question 5

Peak bone mass occurs at ages __-__.

Answer 5

20-40

Question 6

The degree of bone mineralization is called:

Answer 6

bone density

Question 7

increased resorption of bone due to inc. osteoclastic activity occurs at ages __-__.

Answer 7

40-70

Question 8

Rapid decrease in bone mass occurs with menopause. __% per year for 5 years initially, and __% later.

Answer 8

3%

0.3%

Question 9

Too little bone

Answer 9

osteopenia

Question 10

Too little bone mass

Answer 10

osteoporosis

Question 11

Too little bone mineralization

Answer 11

osteomalacia

Question 12

What is the biggest reason alcoholism leads to bony changes?

Answer 12

malabsorption of nutrients

Question 13

Osteoporosis risk factors

Answer 13

post-menapause
low BMI
smokers
family hx
caucasian/asian > african american

Question 14

What is a T-score?

Answer 14

normal value for a young adult female

Question 15

What is a Z score?

Answer 15

value for your age range

Question 16

What is the T score classification for osteopenia?

Answer 16

-1 to -2.5 SD from average

Question 17

What is the T score classification for osteoporosis?

Answer 17

-2.5 or more SD from average

Question 18

When do you begin to see changes on Xray?

Answer 18

> 30% bone mass lost

Question 19

Senile osteoporosis age and gender incidence:

Answer 19

7th/8th decades

men = women

Question 20

Clinical features of senile osteoporosis?

Answer 20

dowagers hump, exaggerated rib, pubic rami fx

Question 21

Intervention/prevention Ca recommendations:

Answer 21

adults > 50 yrs 1200
adults < 50 yrs 1000 mg
*dairy, green, veggies

Question 22

Intervention/prevention D3 recommendations:

Answer 22

adults > 50 yrs 800-1000
adults < 50 yrs 400-800
*egg yolks, fortified milk, saltwater fish

Question 23

Bisphosonate examples:

Answer 23

fosamaz, actonel, boniva, reclast

Question 24

Osteoporosis medication examples:

Answer 24

bisphophonates
calcitonin
hormone replacement
evista
parathyroid hormone

Question 25

PT considerations for osteoporosis?

Answer 25

WB exercises Posture Fall prevention Bracing to resist flexion (post vertebral fx)

Question 26

Which fractures are most likely in osteoporosis?

Answer 26

Wrist hip vertebral

Question 27

Childhood osteomalacia is known as:

Answer 27

rickets

Question 28

What is a looser zone?

Answer 28

wide linear lucent in the cortex of a long bone | finding in osteomalacia.. at risk for fx

Question 29

Paget disease age and gender incidence:

Answer 29

male = female | 50 years

Question 30

Paget disease is characterized by:

Answer 30

unorganized bony formation that can lead to: | thickened skull, tibial bowing, nerve compression, varus deformity, flexed posture

Question 31

Biggest issue for children with osteomalacia:

Answer 31

affects endochondral growth plates

Question 32

Biggest issue for adults with osteomalacia:

Answer 32

Ca does not get deposited in new bone

Question 33

What is osteomalacia?

Answer 33

inadequate mineralization of bone, systemic vitamin D deficiency