musculoskeletal system 2

Question 1

hierarchical organisation for muscle

Answer 1

(larger to small) muscle, fascicle束, fibre, myofibrils肌原纖維, sarcomeres肌節

Question 2

dense irregular connective tissue surrounding entire muscle; may blend with fascia

Answer 2

Epimysium

Question 3

Epimysium

Answer 3

dense irregular connective tissue surrounding entire muscle; may blend with fascia

Question 4

fibrous dense connective tissue surrounding fascicles (groups of muscle fibres)

Answer 4

Perimysium

Question 5

Perimysium

Answer 5

fibrous dense connective tissue surrounding fascicles (groups of muscle fibres)

Question 6

fine細小的 connective tissue surrounding each muscle fibre

Answer 6

Endomysium

Question 7

Endomysium

Answer 7

fine areolar connective tissue surrounding each muscle fibre

Question 8

How do muscles attach to the skeleton?

Answer 8

Muscles span joints (i.e., attach to bone in at least 2 places)
– Origin: attachment that is relatively fixed, typically proximal
– Insertion: attachment that is more moveable, usually distal

Attachments can be direct or indirect
– Direct (fleshy): epimysium fused to periosteum of bone or perichondrium of cartilage
– Indirect: connective tissue wrappings extend beyond muscle as rope-like tendon or sheet-like aponeurosis

Question 9

muscle can push tendons or bones. T/F

Answer 9

F, only pull, never push

Question 10

Agonist (Prime Mover)

Answer 10

a muscle or group of muscles that is primarily responsible for producing a specific movement at a joint

Question 11

a muscle or group of muscles that is primarily responsible for producing a specific movement at a joint

Answer 11

agonist(prime mover)

Question 12

agonist(prime mover)

Answer 12

a muscle or group of muscles that is primarily responsible for producing a specific movement at a joint

Question 13

antagonist

Answer 13

a muscle or muscle group that opposes or acts in the opposite direction to the agonist

Question 14

a muscle or muscle group that opposes or acts in the opposite direction to the agonist

Answer 14

antagonist

Question 15

antaonist

Answer 15

a muscle or muscle group that opposes or acts in the opposite direction to the agonist

Question 16

synergist

Answer 16

a muscle or muscle group that works together with the agonist to enhance and support the desired movement

Question 17

a muscle or muscle group that works together with the agonist to enhance and support the desired movement

Answer 17

synergist

Question 18

sarcolemma

Answer 18

Plasma membrane in muscle cell

Question 19

Plasma membrane in muscle cell

Answer 19

sarcolemma

Question 20

sarcoplasm

Answer 20

Cytoplasm of muscle cell

Question 21

Cytoplasm of muscle cell

Answer 21

sarcoplasm

Question 22

Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)

Answer 22

smooth endoplasmic reticulum(ER) in muscle fibres

Question 23

smooth endoplasmic reticulum(ER) in muscle fibres

Answer 23

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 24

which two structure surround myofibrils

Answer 24

SR and T-tubules

Question 25

what does SR store and release during muscle contraction(收縮)

Answer 25

Ca2+

Question 26

T-tubules are extensions of the sarcolemma and help the release of calcium ions from the SR. T/F

Answer 26

T

Question 27

actin

Answer 27

肌動蛋白

Question 28

肌動蛋白

Answer 28

actin

Question 29

tropomyosin

Answer 29

原肌球蛋白

Question 30

原肌球蛋白

Answer 30

tropomyosin

Question 31

troponin

Answer 31

肌鈣蛋白

Question 32

肌鈣蛋白

Answer 32

troponin

Question 33

which three kinds of proteins made of thin filaments

Answer 33

actin, tropomyosin and troponin肌動蛋白、原肌球蛋白和肌鈣蛋白

Question 34

The function of Tropomyosin

Answer 34

blocks myosin binding site in relaxed muscle

Question 35

the function of Troponin

Answer 35

binding side for Ca2+: Ca2+ binds to troponin, making tropomyosin move away from active sites on actin

Question 36

strap

Answer 36

帶子形狀的

Question 37

帶子形狀的（肌肉）

Answer 37

strap

Question 38

fusiform

Answer 38

梭子狀的

Question 39

梭子狀的（肌肉）

Answer 39

fusiform

Question 40

parallel

Answer 40

平行的

Question 41

平行的（肌肉）

Answer 41

parallel

Question 42

pennate

Answer 42

羽狀的

Question 43

羽狀的(肌肉)

Answer 43

parallel

Question 44

Unipennate

Answer 44

單羽的

Question 45

單羽的

Answer 45

Unipennate

Question 46

Bipennate

Answer 46

雙羽的

Question 47

雙羽的

Answer 47

Bipennate

Question 48

Multipennate

Answer 48

多羽的

Question 49

多羽的

Answer 49

Multipennate

Question 50

circular

Answer 50

圓狀的

Question 51

圓狀的

Answer 51

circular

Question 52

physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA)

Answer 52

生理橫截面積: predictor of force

Question 53

Contractile component (CC)

Answer 53

the part of the muscle that directly generates force and contributes to muscle contraction

Question 54

the part of the muscle that directly generates force and contributes to muscle contraction

Answer 54

Contractile Component (CC)

Question 55

Parallel Elastic Component(PEC)

Answer 55

the passive elastic structures that run parallel to the muscle fibers

Question 56

the passive elastic structures that run parallel to the muscle fibers

Answer 56

Parallel Elastic Component(PEC)

Question 57

Series Elastic Component(SEC)

Answer 57

The series elastic component refers to the tendons that connect muscles to bones

Question 58

The series elastic component refers to the tendons that connect muscles to bones

Answer 58

Series Elastic Component (SEC)

Question 59

concentric

Answer 59

shortening muscle

Question 60

shortening muscle

Answer 60

concentric

Question 61

eccentric

Answer 61

lengthening muscle

Question 62

lengthening muscle

Answer 62

eccentric

Question 63

isometric

Answer 63

same length

Question 64

same length

Answer 64

eccentric