Nervous system 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Neuron
A
神經元：excitable cells that transmit electrical signals for communication via sunapses突觸
(also, the basic functional unit of the nervous system)
2
Q
neuroglia
A
神經膠質細胞：function-support & insulate隔離（more numerous than neurons）
3
Q
神經元
A
neuron
4
Q
神經膠質細胞
A
neuroglia
5
Q
what does white matter include?
A
myelinated有髓的 axon/fibre: nerve fibers or extensions of neurons that are surrounded by a protective covering called myelin
6
Q
what does grey matter include?
A
cell body(somas) and dendrites樹突
7
Q
”有髓軸突“是神經纖維或神經元的延伸，被稱為髓磷脂的保護層包圍
A
myelinated axon
8
Q
樹突
A
dendrites
9
Q
cerebral hemisphere
A
大腦半球
10
Q
大腦半球
A
cerebral hemisphere
11
Q
diencephalon
A
間腦
12
Q
間腦
A
diencephalon
13
Q
cerebellum
A
小腦
14
Q
little brain
A
cerebellum
15
Q
brainstem
A
腦幹
16
Q
腦幹
A
brainstem
17
Q
midbrain (mesencephalon)
A
中腦: contain nuclei for visual / auditory information & controls reflexes associated with these senses
18
Q
A part of brainstem that contain nuclei for visual / auditory information & controls reflexes associated with these senses
A
midbrain (mesencephalon)
19
Q
pons
A
腦橋: ascending上升, descending下降 and transverse橫向 (link to cerebellum小腦) tracts束, involved in control of respiration呼吸
20
Q
A part of brainstem that has ascending上升, descending下降 and transverse橫向 (link to cerebellum小腦) tracts束, involved in control of respiration呼吸
A
pons
21
Q
medulla oblongata
A
延腦: the autonomic reflex centre/most inferior下端 joins連接 to spinal cord at foramen孔 magnum枕骨 of skull
22
Q
the autonomic reflex centre/most inferior下端 joins連接 to spinal cord at foramen孔 magnum枕骨 of skull
A
medulla oblongata
23
Q
longitudinal fissure
A
腦縱裂
24
Q
腦縱裂
A
longitudinal fissure
25
frontal lobe
額葉(primary motor area)
26
額葉
frontal lobe(primary motor area)
27
parietal lobe
頂葉(primary somatosensory體感)
28
頂葉
parietal lobe(primary somatosensory體感)
29
occipital lobe
枕葉(primary auditory)
30
枕葉
occipital lobe(primary auditory)
31
temporal lobe
顳葉(primary visual)
32
顳葉
temporal lobe (primary visual)
33
cerebral cortex
大腦皮層(outer grey matter)
34
outer grey matter
cerebral cortex
35
internal white matter
腦內白質
36
腦內白質
internal white matter
37
basal nuclei
基底核(grey matter located deep within the white matter)
38
grey matter located deep within the white matter
basal nuclei
39
what does association fibres do
connect different parts of the same hemisphere
40
what does commissural fibres do
connect grey area of two hemispheres
41
projection fibres
放射纖維
42
放射纖維
projection fibre
43
which two area have projection fibres?
corona radiata and internal capsule
44
corona radiata
輻射冠：a region in the cerebrum that consists of various types of white matter fibers
45
a region in the cerebrum that consists of various types of white matter fibres
corona radiata
46
internal capsule
腦內囊: a specific structure within the brain that contains a dense bundle of white matter fibres
47
a specific structure within the brain that contains a dense bundle of projection fibres
internal capsule
48
assoiation fibre
連接纖維: connect different parts of the same hemisphere
49
commissural fibre
聯合纖維: connect grey area of two hemisphere
50
what kind of fibres in the corpus callosum
commissural fibre
51
corpus callosum
胼胝體
52
胼胝體
corpus callosum
53
Thalamus
丘腦: many groups of nuclei that relay傳遞 different types of sensory information, 'gatekeeper' to the cortex皮層, involved in motor and limbic邊緣 connections to the cortex
54
many groups of nuclei that relay different types of sensory information, 'gatekeeper' to the cortex, involved in motor and limbic connections to the cortex
Thalamus
55
hypothalamus
上丘腦: homeostasis, autonomic, emotions, body temp, food intake, thirst, sleep-wake cycle; control of hormons
56
an area in diencephalon control of hormones, and related with homeostasis, autonomic, emotions, body temp, food intake, thirst, sleep-wake cycle
hypothalamus
57
epithalamus
下丘腦: pineal gland (melatonin褪黑素), day/night cycles
58
pineal gland (melatonin褪黑素), day/night cycles
epithalamus
59
the folds on the cerebellum
folia
60
folia
the folds on the cerebellum
61
the structure links two hemispheres of cerebellum
vermis
62
vermis
the structure links two hemispheres of cerebellum
63
subconsciously
not aware
64
無意識地
subconsciously
65
equilibrium
a certain balance for vestibular system前庭系統
66
coordination
協調
67
協調
coordination
68
cylindrical
圓柱形
69
圓柱形
cylindrical
70
vertebral column
脊柱
71
脊柱
vertebral column
72
reflex
反射
73
反射
reflex
74
conus medullaris
髓椎
75
what is the end of the spinal cord
conus medullaris
76
where is the conus medullaris
L1-L2
77
cauda equina
終絲: a slender strand of fibrous tissue that extends from the conus medullaris, which is the tapered lower end of the spinal cord, to the coccyx (tailbone) in the vertebral column. It serves as a stabilizing structure, anchoring the spinal cord within the vertebral canal.
78
a slender strand of fibrous tissue that extends from the conus medullaris, which is the tapered lower end of the spinal cord, to the coccyx (tailbone) in the vertebral column. It serves as a stabilizing structure, anchoring the spinal cord within the vertebral canal.
cauda equina
79
filum terminale
馬尾神經：a bundle of nerve roots that extend from the bottom of the spinal cord, specifically from the level of the conus medullaris, to the lumbar and sacral regions within the vertebral canal.
80
a bundle of nerve roots that extend from the bottom of the spinal cord, specifically from the level of the conus medullaris, to the lumbar and sacral regions within the vertebral canal.
filum terminale
81
what does dorsal root for
sensory
82
what does ventral root for
motor
83
white matter made of unmyelinated and myelinated nerve fibres. T/F
T
84
Dura mater
硬腦膜
85
the superficial structure for protecting the CNS
dura mater
86
what does the outer layer of dura mater fused to
periosteum
87
periosteum
骨膜
88
meninges
腦膜
89
protective membranes for brain (CNS)
meninges
90
a cavity空腔 between two layers of dura mater: used to collect venous blood靜脈血
Dural venous sinus
91
Dural venous sinuses
硬腦膜靜脈竇a cavity空腔 between two layers of dura mater: （collect venous blood靜脈血）
92
what is the name of the layers for dura mater
dural folds
93
Septa
thin walls or partitions that divide or separate different structures or compartments within an organ or body region
94
thin walls or partitions that divide or separate different structures or compartments within an organ or body region
septa
95
dural folds
硬腦膜皺襞: the two layers' name
96
arachnoid mater
the middle layer of the meninges
97
Trabeculae
thin, branching structures or fibers that form a network or framework within tissues or organs
98
thin, branching structures or fibers that form a network or framework within tissues or organs
trabeculae
99
the middle layer of the meaninges
arachnoid mater
100
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
腦髓液
101
clear, colorless fluid that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord within the central nervous system (CNS)
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
102
Pia mater
the deep layer of meninges
103
which layer of meninges follow the shape of gyri and sulci
pia mater
104
which layer of meninges have many small blood vessels
pia mater: selective barrier to not allow some substances get into brain (CNS) [protect]
105
pathogen
病原體
106
病原體
pathogen
107
where have CSF(cerebrospinal fluid)
ventricles: lateral (*2, one in each hemisphere), 3rd, and 4th
108
Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the....
1.Spinal cord
2.Epidural space
3.Meninges
4.Choroid plexus
5.Epithalamus
4
109
The central sulcus separates the....
1.Parietal lobe from the occipital lobe
2.Temporal lobe from the parietal lobe
3.Frontal lobe from the temporal lobe
4.Parietal lobe from the frontal lobe
5.Temporal lobe from the occipital lobe
4
