Musculoskeletal System in DR Flashcards
(24 cards)
what are the different classifications of bone? (5)
long, short, flat, sesamoid, irregular
what bones make up the axial skeleton? (8)
cranium/skull, cervical vertebrae, hyoid bone, ribs, sternum, thoracic, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum
what bones make up the appendicular skeleton? (15)
scapula, clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, carpal bones, metacarpals, phalanges in each upper limb, hip bone, femur, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones, metatarsals, phalanges in each lower limb
what is the nutrient foramen?
the channel in which arteries and veins will pass in order to supply the medullary cavity of the bone
what are the different classifications of joints? (3)
fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
what are fibrous joints?
bones are united with fibrous tissue and movement is very restricted
give 3 examples of a fibrous joints…
cranium (skull) - suture joints, teeth - dentoalveolar syndesmosis (gomphosis), between the radius and ulna there is an interosseous membrane connecting the bone - syndesmosis
what are cartilaginous joints united with?
fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage
when does primary cartilaginous joints occur?
during development when 2 centres of ossification unite
what are secondary cartilaginous joints?
strong, slightly moveable and the bones unite with fibrocartilage
give examples of cartilaginous joints… (3)
intervertebral discs, manubriosternal joint (on sternum), symphysis pubis
where do cartilaginous joints occur?
midline
what are synovial joints united by?
a fibrous layer of tissue lined by serous synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid and together these make up the capsule
what are the articular surfaces of the bones of synovial joints covered in?
articular hyaline cartilage
what reinforces synovial joints?
ligaments - intrinsic or extrinsic
what types of synovial joints are there? (6)
plane, hinge, saddle, condyloid, ball and socket, pivotal
what 3 factors that influence the stability of a joint?
shape of the bones involved, arrangement and tone of surrounding muscl, presence and position of ligaments
at a young age, how many pieces is the pelvis split into?
3
what are the 3 pieces of pelvis that fuse together?
ilium, ischium, pubis
the sacrum until the age of what is in how many vertebrae until they fuse?
5 vertebrae until the age of 25
what is the difference between an adult and a child’s x ray?
in a child, the epiphyseal plates have not fused or may have fused but the epiphyseal lines are still visible
what are the different classifications of muscle?
flat, pennate (uni, bi, multipennate), fusiform, convergent, quadrate, circular, multiheaded (multibellied)
what are the tendons that are formed as flat sheets called?
aponeurosis
what are the different movements? (7)
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, lateral rotation, medial rotation, circumduction
