Musical Era - Baroque

Question 1

Time

Answer 1

1600-1750

Question 2

Prima Prattica

Answer 2

Old stile (stile antico)

Established Renaissance polyphony

Rules of counterpoint over text expression

Equal treatment of all vocal parts

Interwoven melodic lines

Adherence to traditional harmonic and voice-leading principles

Palestrina

Question 3

Seconda Prattica

Answer 3

New style (stile moderne)

Text expression and emotional communication priority

Harmonic and melodic liberties

More dramatic contrasts

Solo voices

Monteverdi

Question 4

General - Reaction

Answer 4

Overly dense textures of Renaissance polyphony

Desire to emulate perceived attributes of Greek monody

Shift from textures that were melodically lieder and imitative to textures that were harmonically vertical and chordal
Harmonies are vertical

Independent status of instruments

NOT SUDDEN - counter reformation, older renaissance styles did not cease to exist

Question 5

Baroque Italy - Basso Continuo

Answer 5

used in both new and old style

Involves both melodic and harmonic instrument

Question 6

Baroque - Italy - New Genres

Answer 6

Oratorio - usually a sacred work for chorus and orchestra and soloists, intended for concert stage, narrative, typically named characters

Cantata - usually sacred a work for chorus and instrumentalists and soloists, intended for the church service

Question 7

Baroque - Italy

Answer 7

Old styles continues

Both old and new styles

New shorter imitative motives rather than long imitative phrases

Rhythmic textures mor diverse, modal harmonies

Question 8

Baroque France - Louis XIV

Answer 8

most important monarch

30 yr war ends

Increases money for culture

Question 9

Baroque France - Grand Motet

Answer 9

soloists, chorus, strings, BC, p chorus and full choeur, multi-sectional structure, contrast between sections, considerable length

Question 10

Baroque France - Petit Motet

Answer 10

Small scale work for soloists and BC

Question 11

Baroque France - Musical output

Answer 11

Less than Italian

Major compositions for royal court, minor compositions for churches

Publishing restrained by the king

Public performances don’t exist outside of royal court

Concert spiritual - 1725 public concert society for public performance

Question 12

Baroque France - Notes inegales

Answer 12

Practice of performing equally-notated notes unevenly - long/short lilting triplet type of feel

Especially applies to faster notes moving in stepwise motion

Limited to French music from 1650-1750

Question 13

Baroque Spain & The New World

Answer 13

Spain behind rest of Europe

Prima prattica

Lack of patronage

Spain starts emigrating to colonizing Latin America

Music used as a tool to colonize natives and convert them to Christianity

Question 14

England - Politics

Answer 14

Political instability
1685-1714 four different monarchs

1714-60 George I and George II provide stability

Question 15

England - Music

Answer 15

Full anthem: choir sings nearly all the time

Verse anthem: larger scale work, seperate movements for instruments and soloists. Similar to Grand motet

Anglican services

Odes - occasional music, for special occasions and royal events

Oratorio

Glees - English part songs, catches (round)

Question 16

Germany Music

Answer 16

almost entirely sacred

Emphasis on Lutheran music as opposed to Catholic Mass

Chorales, cantatas motets are importantly genres genres, not so much masses

Si placet (if you please) - instruments would double or substitute for voices as available

Question 17

Germany Composers

Answer 17

Born in area that would become East Germany

Most were virtuoso orgnaists

Question 18

German Chorales

Answer 18

Lutheran sacred music

Texts are German Language (vernacular)

Used as cantus firmus in larger-scale works

AAB form - stollen (A section, repeated), Abgesang (B section)

Term chorale actually just refers to the text.