MYCO - Hyaline Molds, Mucorales, Entomophthorales, Dermatophytes, and Opportunistic and Systemic Mycoses Flashcards
(198 cards)
1
Q
THE ORDER MUCORALES IS PREVIOUSLY CALLED AS
A
zygomycetes
2
Q
produces large, ribbonlike hyphae that are irregular in diameter and contain occasional septa
A
mucorales
3
Q
asexual reproduction of mucorales
A
sporangiospores - yellow or brown spores
4
Q
members of mucorales
A
rhizopus
mucor
actinomucor
rhizomucor
cokeromyces
saksenaea
apophysomyces
lichtheimia (absidia)
syncephalastrum
cunninghamella
5
Q
a less common cause infection than aspergillus but is important cause of morbidity and motality in immunocompromised patients, particularly patients with ‘diabetes mellitus’
A
mucorales
6
Q
mucorales
other susceptible patients aside those with DM
A
patients with hematologic malignancies such as acute leukemia and stem cell, kidney, and liver transplant patients
patients who are undergoing prolonged corticosteroid, antibiotic, or cytotoxic therapy.
7
Q
an infection caused by ____ have a marked propensity for vascular invasion and rapidly produce thrombosis and necrosis of tissue
A
mucorales
8
Q
one of the most common presentation of mucormycosis - (agent: mucorales)
A
rhinocerebral form
9
Q
a disease in which the nasal mucosa, palate, sinuses, orbit, face, and brain are involved; each shows massive necrosis with vascular invasion and infarction
A
rhinocerebral form
10
Q
Samples collected for the diagnosis of rhinocerebral forms
of infection should include
A
nasal discharge or scrapings,
sinus aspirate, or a tissue specimen from a vascularized tissue.
11
Q
can we useblood culture for diagnosis of mucorales
A
nopeee
12
Q
Respiratory samples for mucorales may include
A
sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids.
13
Q
Respiratory samples for MUCORALES may include sputum and bronchoalveolar
lavage fluids. However, if these respiratory specimens result in negative results, a ____ of pulmonary lesions may be considered.
A
transbronchial or percutaneous computed tomography–guided biopsy
14
Q
Specimens should be transported to the laboratory within ____ hours of
collection and processed immediately. Mucorales are extremely
sensitive to environmental changes.
A
2 hrs
15
Q
The diagnosis of mucormycosis is primarily based on __
A
direct examination;
nucleic acid–based testing;
or recovery of the fungus from tissue, body fluids, and exudates.
16
Q
Stains
A mucormycosis may be diagnosed rapidly by examining tissue specimens or exudate from infected lesions in a ___ preparation.
A
calcofluor white and potassium hydroxide
17
Q
MUCORALES
If the sample is too thick, a false negative result may occur because of insufficient
dissociation of tissues. It is therefore recommended that __
A
the negative slide be maintained overnight and reviewed again the next day.
18
Q
__ of fungal genes from the serum of high-risk patient populations has demonstrated the potential for early diagnosis of mucormycosis before the demonstration
of tissue pathology.
A
PCR amplification
19
Q
are we using Antigen-protein–based assays for the diagnosis of mucorales
A
nope
20
Q
what media is bad for diagnosis of mucorales
A
growth media with high carbohydrates
21
Q
It is therefore recommended that media such as __
be used for cultivation of mucorales
A
potato dextrose, 2% malt, and cherry decoction (acidic) agars
22
Q
hrs and temperature culturing requirement for mucorales
A
24-48 hrs incubated at 27C to 30C
23
Q
Colonies of mucoralers
A
fluffy
white to gray or brown hyphal growth that resembles cotton candy and diffuses the surface of the agar within 24-96 hrs
24
Q
The hyphae can grow very fast and
may lift the lid of the agar plate (also known as a “lid lifter”). The hyphae appear to be coarse.
A
mucorales
25
Mucorales are characterized by the production of __
branched, nonseptate, wide mycelia
26
sexual reproduction of mucorales
zygospores
27
asexual reproduction of mucorales
sporangiospores
28
the central axis of sporangia is called as
columella
29
the swelling of the sporangiophore below the columella is called as
apophysis
30
describe the sporangiophore of rhizoids
unbranched sporangiophores
with rhizoids opposite the stolon
31
mucor spp can be distinguished from other genera under mucorales, describe the sporangiophore
single or branched
no rhizoids
no stolon
32
pear or pyriform shaped sporangia and funnel shaped apophysis - what genera of mucorales
absidia or lichtheimia
33
describe the colony of lichthemia or absidia
white, fast growing wooly colonies that become grayish brown
34
they can break down and utilize keratin as a source of nitrogen
dermatophytes
35
genera under dermatophytes
trichophyton
microsporum
epidermophyton
36
genera of dermatophytes that invades hair, skin, and nails
trichophyton
37
genera of dermatophytes that invades hair, skin,
microsporum
38
genera of dermatophytes that invades skin, and nails
epidermophyton
39
Common species of dermatophytes recovered
from clinical specimens, in order of frequency
Trichophyton rubrum,
Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum,
Trichophyton tonsurans,
Microsporum canis,
Trichophyton verrucosum.
rose mary flower together with cappuccino vallerina
40
tinea means
ringworm or worm
41
ringworm of the body
corporis
42
ringworm of the groin or jock's itch
tinea cruris
43
ringworm of the scalp and hair
tinea capitis
44
ringworm of the beard
tinea barbae
45
ringworm of the nails
tinea unguium
46
ringworm of the feet
tinea pedis
47
what are the tinea in which the trichopyton is responsible
all tinea
48
tinea pedis is caused by
trichophyton and epidermophyton
49
tinea corporis or ring wom is caused by
trichophyton and microsporum
50
tinea unguinum or onychomycosis is caused by
trichopyton and epidermophyton
51
tinea capitis is caused by
trichophyton and microsporum
52
tinea barbae is caused by
trichophyton and microsporum
53
tinea cruris or jock itch is caused by
trichophyton and epidermophyton
exception, kahit may nails involved si epidermophyton
54
Identification of the dermatophytes is primarily based on colony morphology and microscopic appearance. In some cases, it may be necessary to perform an in vitro `hair perforation test`. Sterile hair is infected with the isolated fungus and after incubation is examined microscopically for _______
wedge-shaped perforations.
55
stains for trichophyton
calcofluor white and KOH
56
is Antigen-Protein useful for trichophytobn
nope
57
__ method for dermatophytes are
not routine.
Nucleic acid amplification assays
58
Often the initial growth of dermatophytes must be subcultured onto __ agar to
induce sporulation.
cornmeal agar or potato dextrose
59
colonial morphology of Microsporum
audouinii*
Downy white to salmon-pink colony; reverse
tan to salmon-pink
60
growth rate of M. auduouinii
2 weeks
61
describe the microscopic characteristics of M auduouinii
Sterile hyphae; terminal chlamydoconidia,
favic chandeliers, and pectinate bodies;
microconidia rare or absent
macroconidia rarely seen (bizarre shaped if
seen);
62
describe the colony of Microsporum
canis
Colony usually membranous with feathery
periphery; center of colony white to buff
over orange-yellow;
lemon-yellow or yellow-orange apron and reverse.
63
growth rate of M. canis
1 week
64
microscopic characteristics of M.canis
microconidia rarely seen.
Thick-walled, spindle-shaped, multiseptate,
rough-walled macroconidia, some with a
curved tip;
65
colony of Microsporum gypseum
Cinnamon-colored, powdery colony;
reverse light tan.
66
growth rate of M.gypseum
1 week
67
microscopic characteristic of M.gypseum
microconidia few or absent
Thick-walled, rough, elliptical, multiseptate
macroconidia
68
colony of Epidermophyton floccosum
Center of colony tends to be folded and is
khaki green; periphery is yellow;
reverse yellowish brown with observable folds.
69
growth rate of Epidermophyton floccosum
1 week
70
microscopic of Epidermophyton floccosum
microconidia not formed by this species.
Macroconidia: large, smooth walled, multiseptate, clavate, and borne singly or in
clusters of two or three
71
colony of Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex
Different colonial types; white, granular, and
fluffy varieties; occasional light yellow
periphery in younger cultures;
reverse buff to reddish brown.
72
growth rate of Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex
7-10 days
73
microscopic of Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex
Many round to globose microconidia, most
commonly borne in grapelike clusters or
laterally along the hyphae;spiral hyphae in
30% of isolates
macroconidia are thinwalled,
smooth, club-shaped, and multiseptate;
numerous or rare, depending on
strain.
74
colony of Trichophyton rubrum
Colonial types vary from white downy to
pink granular; rugal folds are common;
reverse yellow when colony is young, but
wine/red color commonly develops with
age.
75
growth rate of Trichophyton rubrum
2 weeks
76
microscopic characteristics of Trichophyton rubrum
Microconidia usually teardrop-shaped, most
commonly borne along sides of the hyphae;
Microconidia usually teardrop-shaped, most
commonly borne along sides of the hyphae;
77
colony of Trichophyton tonsurans
White, tan to yellow or rust, suedelike to
powdery; wrinkled with heaped or sunken
center;
reverse yellow to tan to rust red.
78
growth rate of Trichophyton tonsurans
7-14 days
79
microscopic characteristics of Trichophyton tonsurans
Microconidia are teardrop or club-shaped with
flat bottoms; vary in size but usually larger
than other dermatophytes;
macroconidia rare (balloon forms found when present).
80
Trichophyton schoenleinii's colony
Irregularly heaped, smooth, white to cream
colony with radiating grooves;
reverse white
81
growth rate of Trichophyton
schoenleinii*
2-3 weeks
82
microscopic characteristics of Trichophyton
schoenleinii*
Hyphae usually sterile; many antler-type
hyphae seen (favic chandeliers).
83
colony of Trichophyton
violaceum
Port wine to deep violet colony, may be
heaped or flat with waxy glabrous surface;
pigment may be lost on subculture
84
growth rate of Trichophyton
violaceum
2-3 weeks
85
microscopic characteristic of Trichophyton
violaceum
Branched, tortuous, sterile hyphae;
chlamydoconidia commonly aligned in
chains.
86
colony of Trichophyton
verrucosum
Glabrous to velvety white colonies; rare
strains produce yellow-brown color;
rugal folds with tendency to skin into agar
surface.
87
growth rate of Trichophyton
verrucosum
2-3 weeks
88
microscopic characteristics of Trichophyton
verrucosum
Microconidia rare, large and teardrop-shaped
when seen;
macroconidia extremely rare but
form characteristic rat-tail types when seen;
many chlamydoconidia seen in chains, particularly
when colony is incubated at 37°C.
89
are characterized by
smooth, club-shaped, thin-walled macroconidia with three
to eight septa ranging from 4 X 8 mm to 8 X 15 mm.
trichophyton spp
90
describe the macroconidia of trichophyton spp
borne singly at the terminal ends of hyphae
or on short conidiophores;
91
describe the microconidia of trichophyton spp
which may be described as “birds on a fence”
usually spherical, pyriform (teardrop-shaped), or clavate (clubshaped)
92
what are the most common species of trichophyton recovered in the clinical laboratory
T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes
93
is a
slow-growing organism that produces a flat or heaped-up
colony, generally white to reddish, with a cottony or velvety
surface.
T. rubrum
94
The characteristic __ color is best observed
on the reverse side of the colony of T. rubrum
cherry-red or deep red
95
Microconidia are more common in what type of colony of T.rubrum
granular
96
2 colonies formed by T. rubrum
granular and fluffy
97
T. mentagrophytes produces two distinct colonial forms:
downy and granular
98
T. mentagrophytes produces two distinct colonial forms:
granular variety recovered from
lesions acquired by contact with animals
99
T. mentagrophytes produces two distinct colonial forms:
downy variety recovered from
tinea pedis
100
The reverse side of the colony is
usually rose-brown, occasionally orange to deep red,
T mentagrophytes
101
grapelike clusters microconidia
T mentagrophytes
102
feature
that may be used to distinguish between the two species
when differentiation of T rubrum and T mentagrophyte is difficult.
T. Mentagrophyte can perforate hair
rubrum cannot
103
responsible in epidemic form of tinea capitis that commonly occurs in children and occasionally in adults.
T. tonsuras
104
It has displaced Microsporum audouinii as a primary
cause of tinea capitis in most of the United States
Trichophyron tonsurans
105
The fungus
causes a low-grade superficial lesion of varying severity and
produces circular, scaly patches of alopecia (loss of hair). The
stubs of hair remain in the epidermis of the scalp after the
brittle hairs have broken off, which may give the typical “black dot” ringworm appearance.
Trichophyton tonsurans
106
alopecia means
loss of hair
107
Because the infected hairs of T. tonsurans
do not fluoresce under a Woods lamp, the physician should
carefully search for the embedded stubs, using a .
bright light
108
Cultures of ___ develop slowly and are typically
buff to brown, wrinkled and `suedelike` in appearance.
T. tonsurans
109
T. tonsurans grows poorly on media lacking enrichments (casein agar); however, growth is greatly enhanced by the presence of __ in casein agar
thiamine or inositol
110
causes a variety of lesions in cattle and in
humans; it is most often seen in farmers, who acquire the infection from cattle.
Trichophyton verrucosum
111
The lesions caused by this dermsatophytes are found chiefly on the beard, neck, wrist, and back of the hands; they are deep,
pustular, and inflammatory
Trichophyton verrucosum
112
described a medium for the early detection
and identification of T. verrucosum
Kane and Smitka
113
Kane and Smitka1 described a medium for the early detection
and identification of T. verrucosum. The ingredients
for this medium are ___
4% casein and 0.5% yeast extract
114
causes a severe type of infection called
favus
T. schoenleinii
115
favus is characterized by
the formation of yellowish
cup-shaped crusts, or scutulae, on the scalp
considerable
scarring of the scalp; and sometimes permanent alopecia
116
is a slowly growing organism (30 days or
longer) that produces a white to light gray colony with a
waxy surface.
T. schoenleinii
117
Colonies have an irregular border consisting
mostly of submerged hyphae, which tend to crack the
agar.
T. schoenleinii
118
auses an infection of the scalp
and body and is seen primarily in people living in the Mediterranean
region, the Middle and Far East, and Africa.
Trichophyton violaceum
119
are very slow growing, beginning
as cone-shaped, cream-colored, glabrous colonies. Later these become heaped up, verrucous (warty), violet to purple,
and waxy in consistency
T. violaceum
120
Colonies may often be described as
“port wine” in color
T. violaceum
121
The reverse side of the colony of T. violaceum
purple
or nonpigmented.
122
Species of the genus ___are immediately recognized by the presence of large (8-15 mm 3 35-150 mm), spindle-shaped, `echinulate` (covered with small spines), rough-walled macroconidia with thick walls (up to 4 mm) containing four or more septa
Microsporum
123
was once the most important cause of epidemic tinea capitis among school children in the United States
a member of microsporum
M. audouinii
124
M. ____forms pectinate (comblike) septate hyphae with terminal
chlamydoconidia often with pointed ends.
audouinii
125
Microsporum ____, which characteristically produces
macroconidia with two cells.
nanum
M.nanum
126
Microsporum ___ was once the most important cause of epidemic tinea capitis among school children in the United States.
audouinii
127
This organism is anthropophilic and is spread directly by means of infected hairs on hats, caps, upholstery, combs,
or barber clippers
Microsporum audouinii
128
M. audouinii
M. canis
M. gypseum
which are the ones found in human (anthropophilic), animals (zoophilic), and in soil (geophilic)
M. audouinii - anthropophilic
M. canis - zoophilic
M. gypseum - geophilic
129
Infected hair shafts of M. audouinii fluoresce __ under a Woods
lamp
yellow-green
130
often is identified as a cause of infection by
exclusion of all the other dermatophytes.
M. audouinii
131
is primarily a pathogen of animals (zoophilic); it is
the most common cause of ringworm infection in dogs and cats
in the United States.
M. canis
132
M. canis fluoresce a bright __
under a Woods lamp, which is a useful tool for screening pets as
possible sources of human infection
yellow-green
pareho yan sila ni audouinii
133
a free-living organism of the soil
(geophilic) that only rarely causes human or animal infection,
occasionally may be seen in the clinical laboratory
Microsporum gypseum
134
, the only member of the genus Epidermophyton,
is a common cause of tinea cruris and tinea pedis
E. floccosum
135
E. flocossum's storage temp
Because this organism is susceptible to cold, specimens submitted for dermatophyte culture should not be refrigeramted before culture,
and cultures should not be stored at 4°C.
136
Identification of opportunistic fungi is based on microscopic morphology. The hyphae are ______
hyaline or dematiaceous
hyaline (lightly pigmented).
137
The absence of __ is
useful for differentiating this Epidermophyton from Trichophyton
microconidia
138
The presence of __ is
useful for differentiating this Epidermophyton from microsporum
smooth and thin walled macroconidia
microsporum has large, spindle shaped, ECHINULATE - with spine - ROUGH, and THICK walled macroconidia
139
are among the most commonly encountered
fungi in the clinical laboratory, any are potentially pathogenic in an immunocompromised host, but
some species are more commonly associated with disease than
others
aspergillus
140
Aspergillus spp. are capable of causing disseminated infection, as is seen in immunocompromised patients, but also of causing a wide variety of other types of infections, including
a pulmonary or `sinus fungus ball`,
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, external otomycosis (a fungus ball of the external auditory canal),
mycotic keratitis,
onychomycosis (infection of the nail and surrounding tissue),
sinusitis,
endocarditis,
and central nervous system (CNS) infection
141
Most Aspergillus spp. are susceptible to
what antibiotic
cycloheximide
142
Aspergillus __is the most commonly recovered species from immunocompromised patients
fumigatus
143
Aspergillus __ sometimes is recovered from immunocompromised
patients and represents a common isolate in the clinical microbiology
laboratory
flavus
144
Recovery of __
from surveillance (nasal) cultures has been correlated with
subsequent invasive aspergillosis;
A. fumigatus or A. flavus
145
Aspergillus niger is commonly seen in the clinical laboratory, but its
association with clinical disease is somewhat limited; this organism
is a cause of __
fungus ball and otitis externa
146
is a rapidly growing mold (2-6 days) that produces
a fluffy to granular, white to blue-green colony. Mature
sporulating colonies most often have a blue-green, powdery
appearance.
A. fumigatus
147
Microscopically, A. fumigatus is characterized by
the presence of septate hyphae and short or long conidiophores
with a characteristic “__” at their base.
foot cell
148
The foot cell of A. fumigatus is ____-shaped at the base of the conidiophore
T- or L
149
Cultures of A. fumigatus are thermotolerant
and able to withstand temperatures up to ____*C
45*C
150
is a somewhat more rapidly growing species
(1-5 days) that produces a yellow-green colony
A. flavus
151
A. flavus
Microscopically, vesicles are ____,
globose
152
A. flavus
Microscopically, vesicles are globose, and phialides are produced directly
from the ___
vesicle surface (uniseriate) or
from a primary row of cells called metulae (biseriate)
153
The phialides give rise to short
chains of yellow-orange elliptical or spherical conidia that become roughened on the surface with age
what Aspergillus is this ?
A. flavus
154
The conidiophore of Aspergillus ______ is also coarsely roughened near the vesicle.
A. flavus
155
a genera of aspergillus that produces darkly pigmented, roughened spores
macroscopically, but microscopically its hyphae are hyaline
and septate, as are those of other aspergilli (i.e., it is not melanized
A. niger
156
A. niger produces mature colonies within 2 to 6 days.
Growth begins initially as a ____colony that soon develops a black, dotted surface as conidia are produced.
yellow
157
With age, A. niger
the colony
becomes __, but the reverse remains buff
or cream colored;
jet black and powdery
158
is less commonly seen in the clinical laboratory; it
produces tan colonies that resemble cinnamon.
A. terreus
159
The use of serology for Aspergillus spp. is limited to assistance
in the diagnosis of ___ and ___
bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and fungus ball.
160
aspergillus has what shaped phialides
flask shaped
161
1) A. niger colonies are green to ____with a yellow reverse.
2) A.flavus colonies are green to ____ with red-brown reverse.
3) A. terreus colonies are green to ____ with yellow reverse.
4) A. clavatus colonies are ____to green with white reverse.
5) A.fumigatus colonies are green to _____ with tan reverse
1) A. niger colonies are yellow to black with a yellow reverse
2) A.flavus colonies are green to brown with red-brown reverse.
3) A. terreus colonies are green to yellow with yellow reverse.
4) A. clavatus colonies are blue to green with white reverse.
5) A.fumigatus colonies are green to gray with tan reverse
162
H. capsulatum is now divided
into ____ clades
eight
163
Asymptomatic or subclinical infection is common with H. capsulatum and
Coccidioides and may go unrecognized clinically. These zyg may be detectable only by serology or after histopathologic
review of tissues removed because of lesions
found during a _________ examination.
roentgenographic
164
a systemic mycoses that commonly produces a chronic infection that contains a mixture of suppurative and granulomatous inflammation
B. dermatitidis
165
The disease (__) is most commonly
found in North America and extends southward from Canada
to the Mississippi, Ohio, and Missouri river valleys
blastomycosis
166
___is more common in males than in
females and seems to be associated with outdoor occupations or activities. The disease also occurs in dogs.
Blastomycosis
167
are found primarily in the desert portion of
the southwestern United States and in the semiarid regions
of Mexico and Central and South America
Coccidioides spp.
168
The infection (coccidioidomycosis) is acquired
by __ of the infective arthroconidia.
inhalation
169
______ spp. are rare causes of human infection.
Cases have been primarily reported in North, Central, and South America (Brazil) as well as several European and Asian countries.
It is unclear at this time whether the organism
demonstrates a species-specific geographic distribution
Emmonsia
170
Outbreaks of __ have been associated with activities that disperse aerosolized conidia or small hyphal
fragments. Infection is acquired through inhalation of these infective structures from the environment
histoplasmosis
171
Numerous cases of _____ have been reported in people who clean out an old chicken coop or barn that has been undisturbed for long periods and in individuals who work in or clean areas that have served as roosting places for starlings and similar
birds
histoplasmosis
172
Histoplasma capsulatum
_____are commonly exposed
to the organism when it is aerosolized from bat guano in caves.
Histoplasma capsulatum
173
An estimated ____ people are infected with
H. capsulatum annually
500,000
174
The history of exposure often is impossible to document, even though _________is perhaps one of the most common systemic fungal infections seen in the Midwest and South in the United States, including areas along the Mississippi River, the Ohio River valley, and the Appalachian Mountains.
histoplasmosis
175
is most commonly found in South America, with the highest prevalences in Brazil,
Venezuela, and Colombia
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
176
The exact mechanism by which paracoccidioidomycosis is acquired is unclear; however, some speculate that it has a ___
pulmonary origin and that it is acquired
by inhalation of the organism from the environment
177
is an emerging dimorphic pathogenic fungus
endemic to Southeast Asia, particularly the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of the People’s Republic of China.
Talaromyces marneffei
178
___ has been associated with the bamboo
rat (Rhizomys pruinosus) and the Vietnamese bamboo rat (Rhizomys sinensis).
T. marneffei
179
The primary lesion begins as a small, nonhealing ulcer, often of the index finger or the back of the hand.
Sporothrix
180
With time, the infection is characterized
by the development of nodular lesions of the skin or subcutaneous tissues at the point of contact and later involves the lymphatic channels and lymph nodes that drain the region
who am I talking about
sporothrix
181
The subcutaneous nodules ulcerate to form an
infection that becomes chronic
Sporothrix
182
__ infection may be seen in patients
who `inhale` the spores of Sporothrix spp.
Pulmonary
183
Blastomyces spp. appear as
large, spherical, thickwalled yeast cells 8 to 15 mm in diameter, usually with a single bud that is connected to the parent cell by a broad base
184
Coccidioides spp. In direct microscopic examinations of
sputum or other body fluids, Coccidioides spp. appear as a
nonbudding, thick-walled spherule, 20 to 200 mm in diameter, that contains either granular material or numerous small (2-5 mm in diameter), nonbudding endospores
185
The endospores are freed by rupture of the spherule wall; therefore, empty and collapsed “ghost” spherules may also
be present.
Coccidioides
186
When identification of Coccidioides is questionable, a wet
preparation of the clinical specimen may be made using sterile ___
saline, and the edges of the cover glass may be sealed with petrolatum and incubated overnight.
When spherules are present, the endospores produce multiple hyphal strands.
187
the systemic mycoses that have not been successfully cultured from human specimens
Emmonsia
188
Emmonsia spp. Emmonsia spp. have not been successfully cultured from human specimens. Therefore diagnosis is dependent on the histologic appearance of a ___
thick-walled adiaspore granuloma within the lungs.
189
Histoplasma capsulatum. Direct microscopic examination of respiratory tract specimens and other similar specimens often
fails to reveal the presence of H. capsulatum. However, an astute laboratorian may detect the organism when examining
___-stained specimens of ___ specimen and, in
rare cases, peripheral blood.
Wright- or Giemsa; bone marrow
ekis sa respiratory specimen
sa bone marrow tayo
190
H. capsulatum is found intracellularly
in what type of cells as small, round to oval yeast cells 2 to 5 mm in diameter
mononuclear
191
Characteristic multiple budding yeast forms resemble a
“mariner’s wheel”
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
192
In paracoccidioides brasiliensis, what is recognized in sputum, mucosal biopsy specimens and other exudates
Large, round or oval, multiple
budding yeast cells (8-40 mm in diameter) are usually recognized
in sputum, mucosal biopsy specimens, and other exudates.
193
Talaromyces marneffei.
Direct examination of infected tissues
and exudates reveals that T. marneffei produces ___
small, yeastlike cells (2-6 mm) that have internal cross-walls;
no budding cells are produce
194
sporothrix
Exudate aspirated from ____ often is submitted for culture and direct microscopic examination
unopened subcutaneous nodules
or from open draining lesions
195
Sporothrix usually appear as
small (2-5 mm in diameter),
round to oval
cigar-shaped yeast cells
196
If a sporothrix is stained using the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) method in histologic section, an ___ material may be seen
surrounding the yeast cells
amorphous pink
197
___________ may be used
to identify isolates of systemic mycoses based on precipitation bands of identity between specific antibodies and fungal antigen
extracts
Immunodiffusion methods (the exoantigen test)
198
