Mycology: endemic mycoses

Question 1

Histoplasma capsulatum causes

Answer 1

histoplasmosis

Question 2

Blastomycoces dermititidis causes

Answer 2

blastomycosis

Question 3

Coccidiodes immitis causes

Answer 3

coccidiodomycosis

Question 4

All three fungs undergo

Answer 4

phoenotype switching

Question 5

all three fungs are: di/mono/poly

Answer 5

dimorphic

Question 6

in envir all three fungus exsist as

Answer 6

free living molds

hypae or mycelia frow as a mat

Question 7

In the host, these two convert to a budding yeast

Answer 7

histoplasma cap. and bastomyces

Question 8

In host this converts to a large endosporulationg sperule with many endospores

Answer 8

Coccidiodes immitis

Question 9

Coccidiodes immitis in host:

Answer 9

endosporulationg spherule with many endospores

Question 10

infection occurs most often via this route

Answer 10

respiratory route via inhalation

Question 11

primary site of infection for histo/blasto/cocci

Answer 11

lungs–can disseminate to blood

Question 12

another primary site of infeciton other then ariway

Answer 12

cutaneous (but this can also be reslut of dissemination)

Question 13

these ind more at risk for disease

Answer 13

immunocompromised

Question 14

definitive diagnostics must be done

Answer 14

via microscope

Question 15

Histoplasma capsulatum location

Answer 15

acid soil in tennesse or louisiana or IL

Question 16

this guy has exceeded histoplamsin culture in 85% pt of people tha tlive near

Answer 16

endemic areas

Question 17

birds and guano can carry this endemic mycoses

Answer 17

histoplasmodium

Question 18

envir: hyphae with microconidia and macroconidia or wart protrubances= tuberculate

Answer 18

histoplasma capsulatum

Question 19

in host: conidia convert to uninucleated oval budding yeast with NARROW BUD neck

Answer 19

histoplasma capsulatum

Question 20

found with narrow bud neck inside phagocytes

Answer 20

histoplasma capsulatum

Question 21

most common result of infection is astymotomatic and then 3-17 days if they do occur

Answer 21

histoplasma capsulatum

Question 22

pulmonary sydnroe from histoplasma can be seen on

Answer 22

X-ray but reselmbed TB

Question 23

Acute pericarditis or pleural effusions in 5% of these pts

Answer 23

histoplasma capsulatum

Question 24

in 4-27% of pts that are immunocompormissed we get disseminattion d/t

Answer 24

histoplasma capsulatum

Question 25

loss of vision with histoplasma capsulatum d/t

Answer 25

ocular histoplasmosis syndome

Question 26

this is an abnormal immunologic inflammatory response leading to fibrosis in pts with histoplasmosis

Answer 26

fibrosing medisatinus

Question 27

These guys ahve receptros for CD2/CD18 so they get engulfted by phagocytes

Answer 27

microconidia on histoplamo capsulatum

Question 28

therapy for histoplamsa

Answer 28

antifungal as adjuct to own immune

Question 29

This disease can be mistaken for TB

Answer 29

histoplasmin

Question 30

this can be seen in PAS or GMS stained specimens

Answer 30

histoplasmin

Question 31

this is found in rich soil along mississippi and ohio river , more north

Answer 31

blastomycosis

Question 32

reporete in wisconsin

Answer 32

blastomycosis

Question 33

host: make large multinucleat budding yeast with broak neck bud

Answer 33

blastomycosis

Question 34

in envir they are uninucleate hypae with microconidia

Answer 34

blastomycosis

Question 35

incubation time for blatomycosis after inhilation

Answer 35

4-6 wks

Question 36

can present as benign or chronic granulomatous

Answer 36

blastomycosis

Question 37

this will happen in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma, histoplasmosis, TB or other pulm disease

Answer 37

blastomycosis

Question 38

This can devo cutaneously as a nodule or papule

Answer 38

blastomycosis dermatidis

Question 39

site of most common disseminated disease of blastomycosis

Answer 39

skin

Question 40

this cannot be engulfed bc it's yeast cells are too big

Answer 40

blastomycosis

Question 41

On a differential this represents pneomina or TB or a primary metastatic cutaneous lesion

Answer 41

blastomycosis

Question 42

Coccidiodioes is fount in

Answer 42

hot, arid climates, during windy dry seasson

Question 43

when considering this, must thnk about people traveling to arizona or utuh...ext

Answer 43

coccidiodes

Question 44

about 20,000 cases reported/year so it's a notifiable disease

Answer 44

coccidiodes

Question 45

Envir: septate multicell hyphae with alt cells devo into barrel shaped arthioconidia

Answer 45

coccidiodoes

Question 46

In host arthroconidia--> larger spherules w/ 72 hours

Answer 46

coddiciocdoes

Question 47

What do spherules contain in coccidiocdes

Answer 47

endospores

Question 48

how do you test for coccidiocodes

Answer 48

hypersensitivty test reaction to coccidiodin

Question 49

symptosm in pt with coccidiodoes

Answer 49

mild flu, fever, cough, rash about 7-21 dayts post exposure

Question 50

cattleworkers, farmers and ag workers supseptible to this endemic mycoce

Answer 50

coccidiococes

Question 51

When is it dangerous to get coccidiocoese

Answer 51

pregnancy at 3rd trimester DONT give azoles

Question 52

3rd most life threathing opportunistic infeciton in AIDS pts in endemic areas

Answer 52

coccidiocoses

Question 53

what happes to most acute episodes of primary pulmonary coccidiomycosis

Answer 53

tx w/ bed rest and self resolves

Question 54

TX for mild-mod histoplamosis (pulmonary disease)

Answer 54

none or Itraconozole

Question 55

TX for mild-mod blastomycosis (pulmonary disease)

Answer 55

Itraconazole

Question 56

TX for nmild-moderate pulmonary disease of coccidiodomycosis

Answer 56

none

Question 57

TX for severe disease (including CNS) of any endemic mycoces

Answer 57

Ampothericin B