Opportunistic mycoses

Question 1

two way an opportunistic fungus will get into the body

Answer 1

compromised anatomic and physical barriers
~ airborne like aspergillus settles on wound
othres from soil
–others from catheter tubes

Question 2

Two people susceptible to fungal infections

Answer 2

cancer patients of lyphohematolotigs and people with inherited inmmunodeficiencies

Question 3

chemo and radiation are good places for fungal infections, t/f

Answer 3

true

Question 4

what two diseases are most common cause of fungal infection in hematopoetic stem cell or transplant patients

Answer 4

candida or aspergillus

Question 5

This latent disease can increase host suspetibility to other infectsion

Answer 5

CMV and Epstein barr

Question 6

Because hiv targets CD4+, this results in

Answer 6

oppotunity for fungi contolled by CDT4 helpesr to flourish

Question 7

Candida are complex and do

Answer 7

phenotype switching

Question 8

This form of candida is seen in all humans

Answer 8

yeast and hypha morphotyes

Question 9

while yeast and hyphea are more often seen, this form of candidia can also be seen in host

Answer 9

pseudohyphae or chains of yeast

Question 10

C. albicans are or are not capsulated

Answer 10

they are non-capsulated

Question 11

what is the invasive form of C. albicans

Answer 11

pseudohyphal form

Question 12

where do candida live

Answer 12

commensal part of human floura and like the GI tract

Question 13

most cases of candidiases come from

Answer 13

person’s own organism

Question 14

3 out of 4 women experience

Answer 14

vulvovaginalis candidiasis

Question 15

What is the most common microbial infection in AIDS

Answer 15

candidiasis, lots of THRUSH

Question 16

What are the three major types of virulence determinants

Answer 16

adhesions, phenotype switching and enZ

Question 17

C. albicans produces these so they can bind to various parts of the host body

Answer 17

adhesions

Question 18

the hallmark of invasive C. albicans is this form

Answer 18

invasive pseudohyphae

Question 19

C. Albicans secrete these and it destructs host tissues

Answer 19

enZ

Question 20

stents, caths, shunts, ect are all example of

Answer 20

biofilms

Question 21

C.Albicans can stick to biofilms, this is dangerous bec

Answer 21

they evade immunse sytem and can cause failure of biofilm

Question 22

Infection sights of C. albicans

Answer 22

skin and mucosal, or moist skin
people on antibiotics
people with dermatisis
site of surgiers like arterial, venous, central venous and urinary catheters

Question 23

Central venous catheters

Broad=spectrum antibiotics and surgery with gut transection result in

Answer 23

higher suspectiblity to caindidiasis infection in adults and neonates

Question 24

Candidi pseudo hypahe have or don’t have septa

Answer 24

NO septa

Question 25

What does aspergillus have

Answer 25

hyphae SEPTA

Question 26

What type of drug resistances makes non-albinas hard to treate

Answer 26

azole resistance

Question 27

Why is oral candidiasis difficult to threat in asthmatics

Answer 27

bc get from steroids in inhalers and they need inhaler

Question 28

Cryptococcus causes

Answer 28

cryptococcosis

Question 29

What do they look like: Cryptococcus

Answer 29

uninucleate budding yeast with a polyscach capsule

Question 30

where are cryptococcus distributed?

Answer 30

worldwide and all over soil | guano from birds

Question 31

Are cryptococcus a normal part of human floura

Answer 31

NO

Question 32

Which strain of Cryptococcus has an outbreak recoding

Answer 32

C. gatti

Question 33

Is Cryptococcosis a global disease?

Answer 33

yes; seen in pacific northwest and sub-sahra Africa

Question 34

What strains of cryptococcosis is the virulent strain

Answer 34

CAPUSLATED... acapsulated are avirulent

Question 35

how do we prognosis w/ cryptococcosis

Answer 35

see capsuleted presnence in serum of CCF and blood

Question 36

Whats the deal with cryptocococcis capsule

Answer 36

it's Antiphagocytic-capsule conceals the fungal wll ligands that our body like phagocytes would regonize and it makes them too big for ingestoin

Question 37

What is the location of cryptococossis inside a human host

Answer 37

extracellular | we inhale airborne yeast

Question 38

After we inhale airborn cryptococcossis, what happens in our bodies

Answer 38

they rehydrate and get their capsule back

Question 39

Meningitis is the first indicaiton of which type of infection

Answer 39

crytpococcal infection

Question 40

what is the most serious manifestation of cryptococcosus

Answer 40

meningitis

Question 41

Aspergillus is a mold with

Answer 41

septate hyphae (crosswall mycelia) + conidia

Question 42

does asperillus have a yeast form

Answer 42

no

Question 43

Epi of aspergillus

Answer 43

worldwide, in house dust, vegitation, and airborne

Question 44

Construciton project have been associated with outbreaks in

Answer 44

aspergillus

Question 45

How does aspergillus destroy host tissue

Answer 45

hydrolytic enZ and toxin production to evade macrophages

Question 46

This population of individuals have increased suspetiblity to aspergillus

Answer 46

CMI or compromised adaptive immunity

Question 47

CMI more likely to get Aspergillus, how come

Answer 47

suprresed innate host defense

Question 48

Neutropenic patients are at risk for

Answer 48

aspergillus infection

Question 49

leads to localized inflammation necrotizing in lung can invade blood vessels leading to brain/liver/ect

Answer 49

invasive asperogillosis

Question 50

What is the big challenge to scientists when diagnosis aspergillus

Answer 50

making a quick diagnosis

Question 51

Rhizopus, mucor and fusarium are

Answer 51

Zygomycosis: emerging opportunistic fungal pathogens

Question 52

Zygomycosis include disease processes caused by members of:

Answer 52

Zygomycetes

Question 53

Zygomycetes (especially Rhizopus, Mucor, Fusarium) have emerged as

Answer 53

cause of morbidity, mortality in immunocompromised patients

Question 54

Morphology of Zygomycetes in envi

Answer 54

mold in envi and host

Question 55

In tissue, the hyphae of rhizopus ad mucro are: septate or aseptate

Answer 55

aseptate, no cross walls

Question 56

Fusarium are septate or aseptate hyphae

Answer 56

Septate!!! like aspergillus

Question 57

where are zygomycosis found

Answer 57

in soil, envir, plants, fruit, moldy bread

Question 58

Epidemiology of Zygomycosis; rhizopus, mucor, fusarium

Answer 58

worldwide and can be found in air vents

Question 59

Are there virulence determinants for zygomycosis

Answer 59

no

Question 60

how do we aquire zygomycosis

Answer 60

inhaltion, ingestion, contamination by spores

Question 61

Acidodic patients with diabets are suspetible to

Answer 61

rhizopus bc of their ketone reductase

Question 62

this has been seen as a breaksthrough infection in bone marrow transplant patients get antifungal prophylaxis with azoles

Answer 62

Zygomycosese bc the azoles dont work on them

Question 63

Zygomycosses mimick

Answer 63

common bactetial infections an other mycosis