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Spinal Biodynamics 1 > Myology (final) > Flashcards

Myology (final) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the origins of the trapezius?

A

-EOP to the medial superior nuchal line
-nuchal ligament down to C7
-SPs and supraspinous ligament C7-T12
-midline from EOP to T12

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2
Q

What is the insertion for the trapezius?

A

superior and inferior margins of scapular spine

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3
Q

What are the actions of the trapezius?

A

braces shoulder during arm motions

unilaterally= lateral flexion/contralateral rotation

bilaterally= extension of head/neck

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4
Q

What are the origins of the latissimus dorsi?

A

-deep to trapezius from T6-T12
-SPs/supraspinous ligament T6-T12
-superficial lumbar aponeurosis (broad, flat diamond shaped tendon)
»aponeurosis is attached to PSISs, median and intermediate sacral crests, and lumbar SPs/MPs
»aponeurosis attaches to muscles of several layers

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5
Q

What is the insertion of the latissimus dorsi?

A

proximal, medial humerus

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6
Q

What are the actions of the latissimus dorsi?

A

adduction, extension, and internal rotation of the arm (humerus)

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7
Q

What is the triangle of auscultation?

A

-triangular area of the dorsal thorax
-this area is not covered by the traps, lats, or scapula
-it forms a sound window that has distinct lung sounds

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8
Q

What is the lateral border of the triangle of auscultation?

test q

A

medial edge of the scapula

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9
Q

What is the medial border of the triangle of auscultation?

test q

A

lateral edge of the trapezius

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10
Q

What is the inferior border of the triangle of auscultation?

test q

A

superior edge of the latissimus dorsi

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11
Q

What is the floor of the triangle of auscultation?

test q

A

rhomboideus muscles of layer 2

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12
Q

What 2 muscles are a part of layer/group 1?

A

1) trapezius
2) latissimus dorsi

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13
Q

Which layer/group is the trapezius in?

A

layer/group 1

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14
Q

Which layer/group is the latissimus dorsi in?

A

layer/group 1

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15
Q

What 3 muscles are a part of layer/group 2?

A

1) levator scapulae
2) rhomboideus minor
3) rhomboideus major

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16
Q

Which layer/group is the levator scapulae in?

A

layer/group 2

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17
Q

Which muscle is this?
-has a chiro significance because its used for muscle palpation/analysis
-palpates directly under the trapezius
-originates from 4 separate tendons
-fuses into 1 solid muscle belly

A

levator scapulae

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18
Q

What are the origins of the levator scapulae?

A

C1-C4 posterior TPs

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19
Q

What is the insertion of the levator scapulae?

A

superomedial corner of the scapula

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20
Q

What are the actions of the levator scapulae?

A

assists the trapezius in elevating the scapula

unilaterally= lateral flexion/ipsilateral rotation of the cervical spine

bilaterally= extension of the cervical spine

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21
Q

Which layer/group is the rhomboideus minor in?

A

layer/group 2

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22
Q

Which muscle is this?
-thin, membranous muscle
-deep to the trapezius
-attached to the deep thoracic aponeurosis
-parallel, inferolateral muscle fibers

A

rhomboideus minor

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23
Q

What are the origins of the rhomboideus minor?

A

C7-T1 SPs/supraspinous ligament

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24
Q

What is the insertion of the rhomboideus minor?

A

superior 1/3 of the medial scapula

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25
What is the action of the rhomboideus minor?
assist the rhomboideus major in retraction and rotation of the scapula
26
Which muscle is this? -deep to the trapezius -arises from the deep thoracic aponeurosis -parallel inferolateral muscle fibers -separated from rhomboideus minor by only fascia
rhomboideus major
27
What are the origins of rhomboideus major?
T2-T5 SPs/supraspinous ligament
28
What is the insertion of the rhomboideus major?
inferior 2/3 of the medial scapula
29
What are the actions of the rhomboideus major?
retraction and rotation of the scapula
30
What 3 muscles are a part of layer/group 3?
1) serratus posterior superior 2) serratus posterior inferior 3) splenius capitus and splenius cervicus
31
Which layer/group is the serratus posterior superior in?
layer/group 3
32
What are the origins of the serratus posterior superior?
-lower nuchal ligament -C7-T3 SPs
33
What are the insertions of the serratus posterior superior?
posterolateral margins of ribs 2-5
34
What is the action of the serratus posterior superior?
elevate ribcage during deep inspiration
35
What group/layer is the serratus posterior inferior in?
group/layer 3
36
What are the origins of the serratus posterior inferior?
T11-L2 SPs
37
What are the insertions of the serratus posterior inferior?
posterolateral margins of ribs 9-12
38
What is the action of serratus posterior inferior?
pull ribcage down during deep expiration
39
Which layer/group is the splenius capitus + cervicus in?
layer/group 3
40
What are the origins of the splenius capitus?
-lower nuchal ligament -C7-T4 SPs
41
What are the insertions of the splenius capitus?
lateral superior nuchal line to the mastoid process
42
What are the actions of the splenius capitus?
unilaterally= lateral flexion and rotation of the head bilaterally= extension of the head
43
What is the origin of the splenius cervicus?
T3-T6 SPs
44
What is the insertion of the splenius cervicus?
C1-C4 posterior TPs
45
What are the actions of the splenius cervicus?
unilaterally= lateral flexion and rotation of the neck bilaterally= extension of the neck
46
The intermediate layer of the intrinsic back muscles are collectively called the....
erector spinae muscles
47
What are the 3 erector spinae muscles?
1) iliocostalis 2) longissumus 3) spinalis
48
The erector spinae muscles are the chief _____________ of the vertebral column. They generally act bilaterally
extensors
49
The deep layer of the intrinsic back muscles are collectively called the....
transversospinalis muscles
50
What are the 3 transversospinalis muscles?
1) semispinalis 2) multifidus 3) rotatores (brevis and longus)
51
Which muscles occupy the lamina gutter and originate in the TPs and attach to the SPs and lamina?
the 3 transversospinalis muscles: 1) semispinalis 2) multifidus 3) rotatores (brevis and longus)
52
Which muscles are relatively inactive in the stand-easy position, but act as static postural muscles (fixators/steadiers) of the vertebral column maintaining erect posture?
the 3 transversospinalis muscles: 1) semispinalis 2) multifidus 3) rotatores (brevis and longus)
53
What 3 muscles are a part of layer/group 4?
the 3 erector spinae muscles: 1) iliocostalis 2) longissumus 3) spinalis
54
What 9 muscles are a part of layer/group 5?
the 3 transversospinalis muscles: 1) semispinalis 2) multifidus 3) rotatores (brevis and longus) 4) interspinalis 5) intertransversarii the 4 suboccipital muscles: 6) rectus capitus posterior major 7) rectus capitus posterior minor 8) superior oblique 9) inferior oblique
55
Which layer/group are the iliocostalis muscles in?
layer/group 4
56
What is the origin for the iliocostalis lumborum (of the lumbars) relay? test q
lateral lumbar aponeurosis
57
What is the insertion of the iliocostalis lumborum (of the lumbars) relay? test q
rib angles of ribs 7-12
58
What are the actions of the iliocostalis muscles?
unilaterally= strong lateral flexion (regionally) bilaterally= extension (regionally) isometric= help maintain erect posture and balance
59
What is the origin for the iliocostalis thoracis relay? test q
rib angles of ribs 7-12
60
What is the insertion for the iliocostalis thoracis relay? test q
rib angles of ribs 1-6
61
What is the origin of the iliocostalis cervicis/ coli relay? test q
rib angles of rib 3-6
62
What is the insertion of the iliocostalis cervicis/ coli relay? test q
C4-C6 posterior TPs
63
What are the origins for the longissimus thoracis relay?
L1-L5 TPs and APs
64
What layer/group are the longissimus muscles a part of?
layer/group 4
65
What are the insertions of the longissimus thoracis relay?
-T1-T12 TPs -ribs 3-12 medially
66
What are the actions of the longissimus muscles?
unilaterally= weak lateral flexion (regionally) bilaterally= extension (regionally) isometric= help maintain erect posture and balance
67
What is the origin of the longissimus cervicis/ coli relay?
T1-T5 TPs
68
What is the insertion of the longissimus cervicis/ coli relay?
C2-C6 posterior TPs
69
What is another name for the longissimus capitis relay muscles? test q
trachelomastoideus muscle
70
What is the origin for the longissimus capitis relay?
C4-C7 TPs
71
What is the insertion for the longissimus capitis relay?
posterior mastoid process
72
What layer/group are the spinalis muscles in?
layer/group 4
73
What is the origin of the spinalis thoracis relay?
T11-L2 SPs
74
What is the insertion of the spinalis thoracis relay?
T4-T8 SPs
75
What are the actions of the spinalis muscles?
bilaterally= extension (regionally) isometric= help maintain erect posture and balance
76
What is the origin of the spinalis cervicis/ coli relay?
C7-T2 SPs
77
What is the insertion of the spinalis cervicis/ coli relay?
C2-C4 SPs
78
The spinalis capitis relay is the ____________________ below
semi-spinalis capitis
79
What are the 3 muscles of the minor deep layer of the intrinsic back muscles?
1) interspinalis 2) intertransversarii 3) levatores costorum
80
Which layer/group are the semispinalis muscles a part of?
layer/group 5
81
What is the origin for the semispinalis thoracis relay?
T7-T12 TPs
82
What is the insertion of the semispinalis thoracis relay?
C6-T4 SPs (6-8 segments above origins)
83
What are the actions of the semispinalis muscles?
unilaterally= contralateral rotation bilaterally= extension (regionally)
84
What are the origins of the semispinalis cervicis/coli relay?
-T1-T6 TPs -C4-C7 post-zygopophyses
85
What is the insertion of the semispinalis cervicis/ coli relay?
C2-C5 SPs (2-8 segments above origins)
86
What are the origins of the semispinalis capitis relay (with the spinalis capitis above)?
-T1-T6 TPs -C4-C7 post-zygopophyses
87
What is the insertion of the semispinalis capitis relay (with the spinalis capitis above)?
superior nuchal planum
88
Which layer/group is the multifidus a part of?
layer/group 5
89
What are the origins of the multifidus?
-articular crests of the sacrum -L1-L5 MPs -T1-T12 TPs -C4-C7 post-zygopophyses
90
What is the insertion of the multifidus?
L5-C2 SPs (3-5 segments above origin)
91
What are the actions of the multifidus?
unilaterally= weak contralateral rotation bilaterally= weak extension
92
What layer/group are the rotatores in?
layer/group 5
93
What is the origin of the rotatores?
L5-C3 TPs (inclusive)
94
What is the insertion of the rotatores?
longus= 2nd lamina above origin brevis= next lamina above origin
95
What is the action of the rotatores?
unilaterally= strong contralateral rotation (regionally)
96
Which layer/group are the intertransversarii muscles a part of?
layer/group 5
97
What is the origin AND insertion of the cervical intertransversarii?
origin= C2-C7 anterior/posterior TPs insertion= anterior/posterior TPs directly above
98
What is the action of the intertransversarii muscles?
unilaterally= lateral flexion
99
The thoracic intertransversarii muscle is paired with the....
levator costorum
100
What is the origin AND insertion of the thoracic intertransversarii?
origin= distal T1-T12 TPs insertion= distal TPs directly above
101
What are the origins AND insertions of the lumbar intertransversarii?
origins: -laterally= L1-L5 TPs -medially= L1-L5 MPs insertions: -laterally= TPs directly above -medially= APs directly above
102
What layer/group are the interspinalis muscles a part of?
layer/group 5
103
What are the origins AND insertions of the interspinalis muscles?
origin= S1-T12 and T3-C3 SPs insertion= SPs directly above the origin
104
What are the actions of the interspinalis muscles?
bilaterally= extension (regionally) isometric= help form and maintain the lordotic curve/secondary curve
105
Which layer/group is the rectus capitus posterior major a part of?
layer/group 5
106
What is the origin of the rectus capitus posterior major?
superolateral C2 SP
107
What is the insertion of the rectus capitus posterior major?
inferior nuchal line
108
What is the action of the rectus capitus posterior major?
unilaterally= ipsilateral rotation
109
What is the origin of the superior oblique?
postero-superior C1 TP
110
What is the insertion of the superior oblique?
inferior nuchal like, just lateral to the RCP major
111
What are the actions of the superior oblique?
unilaterally= lateral flexion and contralateral rotation (if allowed)
112
Which layer/group is the superior oblique a part of?
layer/group 5
113
Which layer/group is the inferior oblique a part of?
layer/group 5
114
What is the origin of the inferior oblique?
lateral margin of the C2 SP, just below the RCP major
115
What is the insertion of the inferior oblique?
posterior C1 TP, just below the superior oblique origin
116
What are the actions of the inferior oblique?
unilaterally= ipsilateral rotation of C1/C2 isometric= helps maintain C1/C2 stability during head flexion
117
Which layer/group is the rectus capitus posterior minor a part of?
layer/group 5
118
What is another name for the rectus capitus posterior minor? test q
sniff muscle
119
What is the origin of the rectus capitus posterior minor?
C1 posterior tubercle
120
What is the insertion of the rectus capitus posterior minor?
medial inferior nuchal planum
121
What is the action of the rectus capitus posterior minor?
bilaterally= extension (head)
122
What is another name for the longus capitus? test q
rectus capitus anterior major
123
What is the origin of the longus capitus?
C3-C6 anterior TPs
124
What is the insertion of the longus capitus?
pharyngeal tubercle (L/R muscles insert together)
125
What are the actions of the longus capitus?
bilaterally= flexion of the head isometric= resists lordosis of the cervical curve
126
What is another name for rectus capitus anterior?
rectus capitus anterior minor
127
What is the origin of the rectus capitus anterior?
C1 lateral mass and anterior TP
128
What is the insertion of the rectus capitus anterior?
basion, just anterior to the foramen magnum
129
What are the actions of the rectus capitus anterior?
bilaterally= flexion of the head isometric= resists lordosis of the cervical curve
130
What is the origin AND insertion of the rectus capitus lateralis?
origin= C1 anterior TP (superior margin) insertion= jugular process directly above
131
What is the action of the rectus capitus lateralis?
unilaterally= lateral flexion of the head
132
What are the 3 parts of the longus cervicis/colli muscle?
1) superior oblique portion 2) vertical portion 3) inferior oblique portion
133
What is the origin of the superior oblique portion of the longus cervicis/colli?
C3-C6 anterior TPs
134
What is the insertion of the superior oblique portion of the longus cervicis/colli?
C1 anterior tubercle
135
What are the actions of the superior oblique portion of the longus cervicis/colli?
unilaterally= ipsilateral rotation (note: this is the opposite for the inferior oblique portion) bilaterally= flexion of the neck isometric= resist lordosis of the cervical curve
136
What is the origin of the vertical portion of the longus cervicis/colli muscle?
C5-T3 lateral bodies
137
What is the insertion of the vertical portion of the longus cervicis/colli muscle?
C2-C4 lateral bodies
138
What are the actions of the vertical portion of the longus cervicis/colli?
bilaterally= flexion of the neck isometric= resist lordosis of the cervical curve
139
What is the origin of the inferior oblique portion of the longus cervicis/colli?
T1-T3 lateral bodies
140
What is the insertion of the inferior oblique portion of the longus cervicis/colli?
C5-C6 anterior TPs
141
What are the actions of the inferior oblique portion of the longus cervicis/colli?
unilaterally= contralateral rotation (note this is the opposite for superior oblique portion) bilaterally= flexion of the neck isometric= resist lordosis of the cervical curve
142
What is the origin of the scalenus anterior?
C3-C6 anterior TPs
143
What is the insertion of the scalenus anterior?
superior margin of rib 1, just lateral to the costo-chondral junction
144
What are the actions of the scalenus anterior? theres a lot
bilaterally= elevate the ribcage during deep inspiration origin->insertion actions: -unilaterally= lateral flexion/contralateral rotation -bilaterally= flexion of the neck -isometric= coronal stabilization of the neck and head
145
What is the origin of the scalenus posterior?
C5-C7 posterior TPs
146
What is the insertion of the scalenus posterior?
lateral surface of rib 2
147
What are the actions of the scalenus posterior?
bilaterally= elevate the ribcage during deep inspiration origin->insertion actions= -unilaterally= lateral flexion of the lower neck -isometric= coronal stabilization of the neck and head
148
What is the origin of the scalenus medius?
C2-C7 posterior TPs
149
What is the insertion of the scalenus medius?
superior surface of rib 1
150
What are the actions of scalenus medius?
bilaterally= elevate ribcage during deep inspiration origin->insertion actions= -unilaterally= lateral flexion/weak contralateral rotation -bilaterally= weak flexion of the neck -isometric= coronal stabilization of the neck and head
151
What are the origins of the psoas major?
L1-L5 lateral bodies and anterior TPs
152
What is the insertion of the psoas major?
lesser trochanter of the femur
153
What are the actions of the psoas major?
unilaterally= flexion of the thigh origin->insertion actions: -unilaterally= lateral flexion of the trunk -bilaterally= flexion of the trunk -isometric= help form and maintain the lumbar curve
154
What is the origin of the quadratus lumborum?
iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament
155
What are the insertions of the quadratus lumborum?
L1-L4 TPs and the inferior margin of rib 12
156
What are the actions of the quadratus lumborum?
unilaterally= lateral flexion bilaterally= flexion of lumbar spine isometric= stabilize rib 12 during inspiration and exhalation
157
What is the origin of the psoas minor?
T12-L1 lateral bodies
158
What is the insertion of the psoas minor?
pubic ramus, just lateral to the psoas major
159
What is the actions of the psoas minor?
assist psoas major in: -unilaterally= flexion of the thigh -origin->insertion actions: >>unilaterally= lateral flexion of the trunk >>bilaterally= flexion of the trunk >>isometric= help form and maintain the lumbar curve

Spinal Biodynamics 1 (17 decks)

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