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Spinal Biodynamics 1 > Vertebral Column (Quiz 1/Test 1) > Flashcards

Vertebral Column (Quiz 1/Test 1) Flashcards

1
Q

For stability of the axis, the vertebral column has 2 contradictory mechanical requirements. What are they?

A

rigidity and plasticity

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2
Q

If the axis is in the position of symmetry, the forces on either side are in….

A

equilibrium

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3
Q

The vertebral column is the central pillar of the trunk and protects the….

A

neuraxis

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4
Q

What structure is the most anterior main mass of bone in a vertebra and is cylindrical with concave sidewalls?

A

the body

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5
Q

The body of a vertebra consists of 3 parts. What are they?

A

1) centrum (main mass of vertebral body)
2) superior epiphysis (top endplate)
3) inferior epiphysis (bottom endplate)

vertebrae are attached by IVDs

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6
Q

What attaches the vertebral arch to vertebral body?

A

pedicles

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7
Q

What is a superior pedicle notch?

A

depression on top of pedicle

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8
Q

What is inferior pedicle notch?

A

depression on bottom of pedicle

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9
Q

What do pedicles articulate with?

A

intervertebral foramina (IVFs)

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10
Q

What forms a lever arm for muscle attachment?

A

spinous processes/spinous/spine and transverse processes

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11
Q

What is another name for superior articular process?

A

pre-zygopophyses

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12
Q

What is another name for inferior articular process?

A

post-zygopophyses

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13
Q

What must a typical vertebra have?

A

-body
-2 pedicles
-2 laminae
-spinous process
-2 transverse processes
-2 pre-zygopophyses
-2 post-zygopophyses

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14
Q

What are the typical vertebrae of the cervical spine?

A

C3-C6

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15
Q

What are the typical vertebrae of the thoracic spine?

A

T2-T8

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16
Q

What are the typical vertebrae of the lumbar spine?

A

L1-L4

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17
Q

Is the axis/C2 a unique vertebra?

A

yes bc of the dens

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18
Q

Is C1/atlas a unique vertebra?

A

yes bc it has no body

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19
Q

What are the atypical vertebrae of the cervical spine?

A

C1, C2, C7

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20
Q

What are the atypical vertebrae of the thoracic spine?

A

T1, T9-T12

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21
Q

Is the sacrum/coccyx considered typical or atypical?

A

neither, they’re weird

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22
Q

How long is the male spine in inches?

A

23 in

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23
Q

How long is the male spinal column in inches?

A

28 in

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24
Q

How long is the female spine in inches?

A

20 in

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25
Q

How long is the female spinal column in inches?

A

25 in

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26
Q

The sacrococcygeal spine is approx how many inches in both genders?

A

5 in

27
Q

IVDs are approx what percent or length in inches?

A

25% or 7 inches in length (75% is vertebrae)

28
Q

What are the many functions of the spinal column as an organ?

A

-forms the central axis of the body
-center of balance
-main base for limb motions
-protection and transmission of spinal cord and nerves
-support and weight-bearing head, neck, arms, viscera
-resiliency to move
-absorbs shocks (IVDs and curves)
-protects viscera (especially brain and spinal cord)
-trunk mobility (flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation, circumduction)
-body shape and position (erect posture/body contours)
-skeletal formation (helps form posterior abdominal and thoracic walls)
-hematopoiesis (new RBC formation within vertebral bodies, scapulae, sternum, pelvis within bone marrow)

29
Q

What is the superior boundary of the vertebral canal?

A

foramen magnum in the occiput

30
Q

What is the inferior boundary of the vertebral canal?

A

sacral hiatus

31
Q

What is the anterior boundary of the vertebral canal?

A

posterior vertebral bodies/ IVDs

32
Q

What is the lateral boundary of the vertebral canal?

A

pedicles/ IVFs

33
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the vertebral canal?

A

laminae/yellow ligament

34
Q

a neural ring/foramen is….

A

1 vertebra

35
Q

2 or more vertebrae is called….

A

neural/spinal/vertebral canal

36
Q

Which canal has the largest cross-sectional diameter?

A

cervical canal

37
Q

Which canals have an apex posterior triangular shape?

A

cervical and lumbar canal

37
Q

Which canal accommodates brachial swelling from C4-T1?

A

cervical canal

37
Q

Which canal has the smallest cross-sectional diameter?

A

thoracic canal

38
Q

Which canal is round in shape?

A

thoracic canal

39
Q

Which canal accommodates intercostal nerves?

A

thoracic canal

40
Q

Which canal is the second largest?

A

lumbar canal (between thoracic and cervical in size)

41
Q

Which canal accommodates lumbar swelling and the cauda equinae (T11-S1)?

A

lumbar canal

sacral canal accommodates just the cauda equinae

42
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

L1/L2 IVD level

43
Q

Which canal is large on top and then tapers into a hiatus?

A

sacral canal

44
Q

Which canal is a flattened triangle in shape?

A

sacral canal

45
Q

define spinal nerve

A

nerve root from cord to primary division (dorsal/ventral rami)

46
Q

How many spinal nerve pairs are there?

A

31 pairs (L/R), named spinal nerve 1-32 from top to bottom

47
Q

How many cervical spinal nerves are there?

A

spinal nerves 1-8th pairs

C1-C8 spinal nerves

these nerves exit the neural canal above vertebra of the same number

ex: C4 spinal nerves go through C3/C4 IVF

48
Q

How many thoracic spinal nerves are there?

A

spinal nerves 9-20th pairs

T1-T12 spinal nerves

these nerves exit the neural canal below the vertebra of the same number

ex: T4 spinal nerves go through T4/T5 IVFs

49
Q

How many lumbar spinal nerves are there?

A

spinal nerves 21-25th pairs

L1-L5 spinal nerves

these nerves exit the neural canal below the vertebrae of the same number

ex: L4 spinal nerves go through L4/L5 IVFs

50
Q

How many sacral spinal nerves are there?

A

spinal nerves 26-30th pairs

S1-S5 spinal nerves

these nerves exit the neural canal below the segment of the same number

ex: S4 spinal nerves go through S4/S5 IVFs

S5 spinal nerves exit through the sacral hiatus

51
Q

How many coccygeal spinal nerves are there?

A

31st pair (1 on L/R)

L/R coccygeal spinal nerves exit through the sacral hiatus

these nerves are called pudendal nerves

52
Q

How many pairs are there of IVFs?

A

31 pairs (divided into true and false IVFs)

53
Q

How many true IVFs are there?

A

23 pairs

54
Q

How are true IVFs formed?

A

by articulation of superior/inferior pedicle notches

55
Q

Where are true IVFs found?

A

from C2/C3 to L5/S1

56
Q

What do true IVFs accommodate?

A

spinal nerves C3 to L5

57
Q

How many false IVFs are there?

A

8 pairs

58
Q

What do the false IVFs accommodate?

A

spinal nerves C1, C2, S1-S5, and Cx1

59
Q

How are false IVFs divided?

A

into A/P foramina in the sacrum

60
Q

Which IVFs are the smallest?

A

cervical spine

61
Q

Which IVFs are the largest?

A

lumbar spine

Spinal Biodynamics 1 (17 decks)

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