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Spinal Biodynamics 1 > Synovial Joints (Quiz 3, Exam 3) > Flashcards

Synovial Joints (Quiz 3, Exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

What are synovial joints?

A

-2 joints separated by a true joint space
-synovial joints are connected by a ligamentous sleeve
-named for synovia (clear internal fluid)
-articular surfaces are not directly connected
-synovial joints are a complex, characteristic ligament structure

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2
Q

Osteoarthritis is a defense mechanism for what?

A

excess synovial fluid (moving everyday can prevent this)

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3
Q

Synovial joints have an articular capsule/capsular ligament. What are the characteristics there?

A

-bones connected by a ligament sleeve
-surround the articular surfaces
-may be the only ligament or not
-usually slack and loose to allow ROM
-the capsule is a potential joint space

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4
Q

Is the articular capsule of synovial joints an actual or potential space?

A

potential joint space

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5
Q

What do all typical synovial joints have?

A

-joint capsule
-synovial membrane
-joint fluid
-hyaline cartilage on epiphysis (bone end)

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of hyaline cartilage?

A

-covers all joint surfaces
-very smooth macroscopically
-many microscopic pores
-minimum coefficient of friction
-avascular (no blood vessels)
-continuous erosion and repair

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7
Q

What does hyaline cartilage do in instances of no load?

A

absorbs synovia (usually while sitting or laying down)

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8
Q

What does hyaline cartilage do in instances with a load?

A

weeps/exudes synovia (this is during standing)

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9
Q

What happens to hyaline cartilage during increased load?

A

becomes thinner and has reduced friction (this happens while lifting something)

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10
Q

T/F: arthritis happens at old age

A

false, arthritis is a functional issue not an age thing

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11
Q

The synovial membrane is a modified __________ tissue

A

endothelial

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12
Q

What is the synovial membrane? What are its functions?

A

-synovial membrane is a modified endothelial tissue that lines the entire joint space
-the synovial membrane DOES NOT cover articular cartilage/hyaline cartilage

functions
-forms synovia
-secretes and reabsorbs synovia
-maintains fluid balance

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13
Q

Why is synovia/synovial fluid called synovia?

A

looks like egg whites (apparently)

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of synovial fluid? How is it formed?

A

-synovial fluid is a modified blood serum
-has no RBCs
-have a few WBCs
-has increased proteins, CHOs, and oxygen compared to usual blood serum
-synovial fluid is formed by selective filtration through synovial membrane

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15
Q

What are the functions of synovial joints?

A

-lubrication of joint surfaces
-nourishes the chondrocytes
-CHOs, oxygen, and proteins go in
-carbon dioxide, urea, and wastes go out
-phagocytosis by WBCs removes joint debris, bacteria, or viruses

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16
Q

What is the most common joint type?

test q

A

synovial joints

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17
Q

What is the most freely moveable joint type?

test q

A

synovial joints

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18
Q

Which joint type has the most variety in structure and motion?

test q

A

synovial joints

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19
Q

What are the other names for gliding or plane joints?

test q

A

arthrosis or articulatio plana

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20
Q

What is the other name for pivot joint?

test q

A

trochoid

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21
Q

What are the another names for saddle joint?

test q

A

-reciprocal reception joint
-sellar joint

22
Q

What is another name for hinge joint?

test q

A

ginglymus

23
Q

What are the other names for condyloid joints?

test q

A

knuckle joints or ellipsoid joints

24
Q

What are the other names for ball and socket joints?

test q

A

enarthrosis or spheroidea

25
Q

What are the characteristics of hinge joints, also known as ginglymus joints?

A

-defined by characteristic motion
-allows motion in 1 plane only- uniaxial
-can flex and extend
-other ROM is limited by configuration and/or collateral ligaments
-very common joint, found in knee and elbow

26
Q

Which joint is defined by characteristic motion and allows for rotary motion?

A

pivot joints, also known as trochoid joints

27
Q

Which joint has a central bony pivot within an osseoligamentous ring?

A

pivot joints, also known as trochoid joints

28
Q

Which SPECIFIC pivot/trochoid joint has a pivot that turns within the ring?

test q

A

proximal radio-ulnar joint

29
Q

Which SPECIFIC pivot/trichoid joint has a ring that turns around the pivot?

test q

A

central atlanto-axial joint

30
Q

Which joint has 2 flat or slightly concave/convex surfaces?

A

gliding/plane joints, also known as arthrosis or articulatio plana

31
Q

Which joint allows for simple gliding motion?

A

gliding/plane joints, also known as arthrosis or articulatio plana

32
Q

What is the simplest type of synovial joint?

test q

A

gliding/plane joints, also known as arthrosis or articulatio plana

33
Q

The ROM for gliding/plane joints, also known as arthrosis or articulatio plana, is limited by what?

A

capsular ligament

34
Q

Which joint is often found in a series?

A

gliding/plane joints, also known as arthrosis or articulatio plana

35
Q

Where are gliding/plane joints, also known as arthrosis or articulatio plana joints found?

test q

A

-clavicle
-carpal/wrist bones
-tarsal/ankle bones
-zygopophyseal joints

note: each joint allows a limited ROM, while an entire series joint produces a large composite ROM

36
Q

Which joint is defined by the shape of the joint surfaces and is an oval convexity (condyle/knuckle) in an oval concavity?

A

condyloid joints, also known as knuckle or ellipsoid joints

37
Q

What ROM is allowed with condyloid joints, also known as knuckle or ellipsoid joints?

A

-flexion and extension along long axis
-lateral flexion across short axis
-NO rotation, if there is rotation then this is considered a disarticulation

38
Q

Which 2 joints pair together and form parallel condyles on one bone?

A

condyloid joints, also known as knuckle or ellipsoid joints pair with hinge joints, also known as ginglymus

so this is considered a double classification

39
Q

Where are condyloid joints, also known as knuckle or ellipsoid joints found?

test q

A

MCP joints

40
Q

Ball and socket joint is a modified __________ joint

quiz 3 q

A

condyloid

41
Q

Which joint has a spherical convexity received into an osseo-ligamentous socket?

A

ball and socket joint, also known as enarthrosis or spheroidea

42
Q

Which synovial joint is the most freely moveable joint?

test q

A

ball and socket joint, also known as enarthrosis or spheroidea

43
Q

For ball and socket joints, also known as enarthrosis or spheroidea, if its a deep joint socket, then this means it has increased _________

test q

A

stability

ex: this is the hip joint

44
Q

For ball and socket joints, also known as enarthrosis or spheroidea, if its a shallow joint socket, then this means it has increased _________

test q

A

ROM

ex: this is the shoulder joint

45
Q

Which joint has 2 matching concavo-convexity surfaces that are like 2 saddles fit together, or 2 Pringle chips on top of each other?

A

saddle joints, also known as reciprocal reception or sellar joints

46
Q

What ROM is allowed with saddle joints, also known as reciprocal reception or sellar joints?

A

-flexion and extension
-lateral flexion
-NO rotation

47
Q

Where are saddle joints, also known as reciprocal reception or sellar joints found?

A

carpo(trapezium)-metacarpal joint of the thumb

48
Q

What are the 3 joint classifications for mobility?

test q

A

1) synarthrosis (immoveable)
2) amphiarthrosis (slightly moveable)
3) diarthrosis (freely moveable)

49
Q

Which joints are synarthrotic (immoveable)?

test q

A

-all fibrous joints except syndesmosis (syndesmosis is amphiarthrotic)
-synchondrosis joints

50
Q

Which joints are amphiarthrotic (slightly moveable)?

test q

A

-symphysis
-syndesmosis

51
Q

Which joints are diarthrotic (freely moveable)?

test q

A

all synovial joints

Spinal Biodynamics 1 (17 decks)

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