naming part 2

Question 1

what did george orwell state 1984

Answer 1

thinking is not possible without language

Question 2

do we have control over what we say?

Answer 2

not everything we think is said aloud
-but does part of unconscious self leak into the words we use

Question 3

kelly servick 2019 study

Answer 3

AI can transform brain activity into speech, this could provide people who are paralysed or unable to speak with language

Question 4

freudian slips - parapraxes 1901

Answer 4

freudian slips are errors in speech (memory or action) due to interference of an unconscious desire or thought
-not all slips of the tongue are due to repressed thoughts/impulses

Question 5

garrett 1975-1992 model of speech production

Answer 5

1.message level (intention to say something)
2.functional level (finding meaning and words)
3.positional level (placing words in order)
4.sound level (sound selection)
5.articulation

we produce speech through discrete levels of processing, its serial, levels do not interact

Question 6

levalt’s model of word production 1994

Answer 6

1.message level (meaning)
2.lemmas (lexicon/dictionary, partly words/partly grammar)
3.lexemes (phonemes/sounds)
4.articulation (speech)

Question 7

lexical bias in speech errors

Answer 7

dell and reich 1981
-more often than youd expect from chance, speech errors tend to result in actual words rather than non existing words
-when healthy brains make mistakes there is a tendency to still produce real words rather than neologisms as seen in wernickes

Question 8

motley et al 1982

Answer 8

-pp had to sound out syllables e.g coop tilt, coon tips, kook tin etc
-then had to say outloud tool kits or tool cart
-mistakes were saying cool tits or cool tart
-% errors showed cool tart was said more than cool tits

Question 9

self monitory hypoth

Answer 9

motley et al 1982
-we have editing process system between phoneme level and speech
-will not allow for non lexical words to be produced

Question 10

parallel processing model

Answer 10

dell 1986
-process of making an error
– in semantic sys cat activates knowledge of dog
–lexicon cat produces sounds activating rat which has back processing to semantic sys
–lexicon reaches phoneme level which has back processing to lexicon
–confluence of activation leads to tendency for rat to be said

Question 11

function word facts

Answer 11

-baayen et al 1995: vocab of 100,000 words and fewer than 400 are function words
-weber-fox and neville 2001: despite frequency of their use they are the hardest to master when learning new language
-we have little control over usage frequency of function words

Question 12

what does wernickes area cause damage to

Answer 12

content words

Question 13

what does brocas area cause damage to

Answer 13

speech and function words

Question 14

how might function words vary

Answer 14

-biological states
-depression
-stress
-deception
-grooming