Napoleon Terms Flashcards by Ashley Cash

Napoleon Bonaparte

1799 to1814; born in Corsica to an Italian family; military genius; scholarship to French military academy and graduated as Lieutenant; became Captain by 1792, and became Brigadier Captain by 1794; saved National Convention from Parisian Mob and was promoted to Commander of Interior and the Army of Italy; married Josephine de Beauharnais; Conquers Northern Italy for France in the Italian Campaign 1796 to 1797; defeated in 1798 in Naval portion of the Battle of the Nile then abandoned his troops, but still received as a hero; launched coup d’état while government was in turmoil; proclaimed self as First Consul and then Emperor; came up with Napoleonic code; Concordat of 1801

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Consulate Period

when Napoleon created the Government of Consulate consisting of Council of State, Tribunate, Legislature, and Senate

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First Consule

Napolean declared himself this before doing away with the elected assembly

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Napoleonic Code

1804; Divides civil law into personal, property, and the aquisition of property; no estates, guilds, or hereditarty offices; careers open to talent

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Careers Open to Talent

anyone (male) could rise in the goverment if they had talent; middle class benefitted greatly; many were welcome, no sans culottee

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Concordat of 1801

Napolean wanted to heal divisions within Catholic Church that had developed after confiscation

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Bank of France

Napoleon established the banque de France, 1800-purpose was to be a central baking mechanism that would help stabilize credit and stabilize the French economy; He balances the national budget; He established sound currency, this was an improvement because during the revolution banknotes were used and they were not with much because of inflation; he made sure food prices remained low; makes sure church land remains in the hands of its owners so the church doesn’t get it back; tax collection is more efficient

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Lycees

established by Napoleon in 1801 as an educational reform; initially enrolled the nations most talented students (they had to pay tuition although there was some financial help available for porter students); trained the nation’s future bureaucrats; idea is to educate people so they would be prepared for a profession if to work in the government (all for boys); basically the state is taking control of the education

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War of Second Coalition

battle of the nile1789; Treaty of Luneville 1801:it ended the war of the second coalition; Austria loses all of its Italian possessions to France

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Battle of the Nile

1798; Napoleon defeated in 1798 in Naval portion of the Battle of the Nile then abandoned his troops

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Treaty of Luneville

1801:it ended the war of the second coalition

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Treaty of Amiens

British motives~ they want to reopen trade with the continent; Britain returns some Caribbean islands in response to Napoleon not interfering with their trade; Britain recognized French Control of Holland, Austrian Netherlands, West Bank of Rhine; Britain didn’t get the trade they were expecting, since the commerce didn’t expand; Britain starts violating the treaty because they didn’t give Malta back. This is eventually the trigger point for the war to resume; the Swiss confederation is reorganized; slave rebellion in Haiti

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Jacques-Louis David

Napoleon Crossing he Saint Bernard Pass; the official court painter; painting brings upon the empire style of painting. It lays heavy on neoclassicism but uses warmer colors

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Grand Empire

by Napoleon; constant warfare; extends France’s empire to the Rhine river; Joseph Bonaparte-king of Spain 1807~ Jerome Bonaparte-king if Westphalia~ Louis Bonaparte-king of Holland~ Caroline-queen on Naples~ step son Eugene-Venice, Lombardy and the papal estates~ all of these people are his family; Napoleon could have tried to unify Italy but he decided not to because he thought an unified Italy would be a threat; other states include Warder and Illyrian provinces; Austria Prussia and Russia at different times will either be his enemies or allies

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War of the Third Coalition

1803 began preparations to invade Great Britain; 1805 Austria signed an alliance with Britain; coalition was complete with the addition of Russia: czar Alexander I and Sweden; French conquest of Italy convinces Russia and Austria that Napoleon threatened the balance of power

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Battle of Trafalgar

the combined French and Spanish fleet are beaten by the British; Lord Nelson and French navy lost; makes Britain’s army powerful and hurts France’s navy; Nelson dies in battle.

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Lord Horatio Nelson

fought in Battle of Trafalgar; leader of French Navy; died in battle

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Battle of Austerlitz

France defeated Austria and Russia (December 1805) caused the collapse of the third coalition of Britain Austria and Russia

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Arc de Triomphe

commissioned in 1806 in commemoration of his (Napoleon) victory at Austerlitz; example of neoclassicism; emphasizes the conquest of an empire; completed in the 1803

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Treaty of Tilsit

list half of the population in lands ceded to France; Russia accepted napoleons reorganization Western and Central Europe; Russia agreed to accept napoleons continental system; represented the height of napoleons success; France and Russia becomes allies against Britain; Alexander I accepted napoleons domination of Western Europe; France continued to occupy Berlin and enjoyed increased control of western Germany.

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Confederation of the Rhine

there were 300 German states but Napoleon consolidated them into 15 states (minus Austria, Prussia, and Saxony); Napoleon was named “Protector of the Confederation”

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Continental System

goal is to isolate Britain and promote Napoleon’s mastery over Europe; 1806 he issues the Britain decree; British ships weren’t allowed in European ports; Napoleon was trying to have them not be able to make money; “Order of Council” 1806; Milan decree (1807); these edicts eventually led to the United States declaring war in Britain, the War of 1812; the continental system was ultimately a failure; it triggers antagonism against Napoleon because it destroyed industries and makes a lot of economic problems; Britain didn’t lose a lot of trade from this.

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Order in Council

Britain proclaimed any ship not stopping in Britain would be seized when it entered the continent

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Milan Decree

Napoleon proclaimed any ship stopping in Britain would be seized when it entered the continent

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Peninsular War

1806: France -\>continental system

Russian Campaign

the retreat from Spain came on the heels of Napoleons disastrous Russian campaign (1812-1813); Russia started allowing trade with the British so Napoleon had to punish them; in July 1912 Napoleon led his Grand Army of 614,000 men eastward across Central Europe and into Russia; the Russians avoided a direct confrontation with Napoleon; they retreated to Moscow drawing the French into the interior is Russia hoping that its size and weather would act as "support" for the Russian czar; the Russian nobles abandoned their estates and burned their crops to the ground, leaving the French to operate far from their supply bases in territory stripped from food

Battle of Borodino

Russian general Kutuzov; the Russian troops get to withdraw, proves that Napoleon is overextended and after the battle of Borodino he had to retreat; though Boone militarily won, France lost because they had to retreat

War of the Fourth Coalition

1813-1814: France-\> napoleons defeat

Battle of Leipzig

October 16-16,1813; the largest battle in history up until this point in time; known also as Battle of Nations; Napoleon defeated

Frankfurt Proposals

Napoleon refused to accept the terms if Austrian foreign minister Metternich to reduce France to its historical size in return for him remaining on the throne; basically Napoleon gets to stay in power if he doesn't try to conquer any more people but he refused

Quadruple Alliance

created March 1814: they each promise to send 100,000 troops to go and invade France

Louis XVIII

Bourbon king of France 1814 to 1824; brother to King Louis XVI; During the French Revolution and the Napoleonic era, ___ lived in exile in Prussia, the United Kingdom and Russia; When the Sixth Coalition finally defeated Napoleon, \_\_\_was restored to what he, and Royalists, considered his rightful place; Napolean escaped from his exile in Elba, marched on Paris and restored the French Empire so ___ fled and a Seventh Coalition declared war on the French Empire, defeated Napoleon and for a second time restored \_\_\_on the French throne

Charter of 1814

king created a 2 house legislature that represented the upper classes; first constitution in European history issued by a monarch; restoration of the bourbon monarchy kept napoleons reforms such as the code Napoleon, the concordat with the people and the abolition of feudalism

“First” Treaty of Paris

1814- France surrendered, all territory gained since 1792 ;allied powers imposed no indemnity or reparations(after Louis XVIII Refused to pay);Napoleon exiled to Elba with as a sovereign with an income from frame; quadruple alliance agrees to meet in Vienna to work out a general peace agreement

Congress of Vienna

objectives was to undo everything that Napoleon had done; reduce France to its old boundaries; frontiers were pushed back to 1790 level; restore as many if the old monarchies as possible that had lost their thrones during the Napoleonic era; supported the resolution 'there is always an alternative to conflict'

Legitimacy

Bourbon dynasty are restored in France Spain and Naples; some Holland dynasties are restored

Compensation

reward countries that made sacrifices to defeat Napoleon; coalition members get land; England gets naval bases and Cape of Good Hope; Austria gets back its list province of Lombardy and Venezia and part of Poland and some things on the Adriatic coast; Russia gets most of Poland, Finland, Bessarabia, and the Rhineland, and Alexander gets to be king; Prussia gets three-fifths of Saxony and the other part of Poland; Sweden gets Norway

Balance of Power

rearrange the map of Europe so there would never be any kind if incident that would cause Europe to get in a war again; make France smaller and surrounded by powerful countries; Switzerland chooses to be neutral forever and ever; creation of the German confederation, Austria is in charge of them instead of Napoleon~ 39 countries are in it. They're sovereign; Sardinia is restored to its territory; Britain ends up being the most powerful and they take over as leader if the European world

German Confederation (Bund)

union of German states provided for at the Congress of Vienna to replace HRE, which had been destroyed during French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars; made of 39 states

Berlin Decree

issued by Napoleon on November 21, 1806; forbade the import of British goods into European countries allied with or dependent upon France, and installed the Continental System in Europe; failed because he could not control all of Europe

1799 to1814; born in Corsica to an Italian family; military genius; scholarship to French military academy and graduated as Lieutenant; became Captain by 1792, and became Brigadier Captain by 1794; saved National Convention from Parisian Mob and was promoted to Commander of Interior and the Army of Italy; married Josephine de Beauharnais; Conquers Northern Italy for France in the Italian Campaign 1796 to 1797; defeated in 1798 in Naval portion of the Battle of the Nile then abandoned his troops, but still received as a hero; launched coup d'état while government was in turmoil; proclaimed self as First Consul and then Emperor; came up with Napoleonic code; Concordat of 1801

Napoleon Bonaparte

when Napoleon created the Government of Consulate consisting of Council of State, Tribunate, Legislature, and Senate

Consulate Period

Napolean declared himself this before doing away with the elected assembly

First Consule

1804; Divides civil law into personal, property, and the aquisition of property; no estates, guilds, or hereditarty offices; careers open to talent

Napoleonic Code

anyone (male) could rise in the goverment if they had talent; middle class benefitted greatly; many were welcome, no sans culottee

Careers Open to Talent

Napolean wanted to heal divisions within Catholic Church that had developed after confiscation

Concordat of 1801

Bank of France

established by Napoleon in 1801 as an educational reform; levees initially enrolled the nations nose talented students (they had to pay tuition although there was some financial help available for porter students); lycées trained the nation's future bureaucrats; idea is to educate people so they would be prepared for a profession if to work in the government (all for boys); basically the state is taking control of the education

Lycees

battle of the nile1789; Treaty of Luneville 1801; Austria loses all of its Italian possessions to France

War of Second Coalition

1798; Napoleon defeated in 1798 in Naval portion of the __________ then abandoned his troops

Battle of the Nile

1801:it ended the war of the second coalition

Treaty of Luneville

British motives~ they want to reopen trade with the continent; Britain returns some Caribbean islands in response to Napoleon not interfering with their trade; Britain recognized French Control of Holland, Austrian Netherlands, West Bank of Rhine; Britain didn't get the trade they were expecting, since the commerce didn't expand; Britain starts violating the treaty because they didn't give Malta back. This is eventually the trigger point for the war to resume; the Swiss confederation is reorganized; slave rebellion in Haiti

Treaty of Amiens

Napoleon Crossing he Saint Bernard Pass; the official court painter; painting brings upon the empire style of painting. It lays heavy on neoclassicism but uses warmer colors

Jacques-Louis David

by Napoleon; constant warfare; extends France's empire to the Rhine river; Joseph Bonaparte-king of Spain 1807~ Jerome Bonaparte-king if Westphalia~ Louis Bonaparte-king of Holland~ Caroline-queen on Naples~ step son Eugene-Venice, Lombardy and the papal estates~ all of these people are his family; Napoleon could have tried to unify Italy but he decided not to because he thought an unified Italy would be a threat; other states include Warder and Illyrian provinces; Austria Prussia and Russia at different times will either be his enemies or allies

Grand Empire

War of the Third Coalition

the combined French and Spanish fleet are beaten by the British; Lord Nelson and French navy lost; makes Britain's army powerful and hurts France's navy; Nelson dies in battle.

Battle of Trafalgar

fought in Battle of Trafalgar; leader of French Navy; died in battle

Lord Horatio Nelson

France defeated Austria and Russia (December 1805) caused the collapse of the third coalition of Britain Austria and Russia

Battle of Austerlitz

commissioned in 1806 in commemoration of his (Napoleon) victory at Austerlitz; example of neoclassicism; emphasizes the conquest of an empire; completed in the 1803

Arc de Triomphe

Treaty of Tilsit

there were 300 German states but Napoleon consolidated them into 15 states (minus Austria, Prussia, and Saxony); Napoleon was named "Protector of the Confederation"

Confederation of the Rhine

goal is to isolate Britain and promote Napoleon's mastery over Europe; 1806 he issues the Britain decree; British ships weren't allowed in European ports; Napoleon was trying to have them not be able to make money; "Order of Council" 1806; Milan decree (1807); these edicts eventually led to the United States declaring war in Britain, the War of 1812; the continental system was ultimately a failure; it triggers antagonism against Napoleon because it destroyed industries and makes a lot of economic problems; Britain didn't lose a lot of trade from this.

Continental System

Britain proclaimed any ship not stopping in Britain would be seized when it entered the continent

Order in Council

Napoleon proclaimed any ship stopping in Britain would be seized when it entered the continent

Milan Decree

1806: France -\>continental system; a military conflict between France and the allied powers of Spain, the United Kingdom, and Portugal for control of the Iberian Peninsula during the Napoleonic Wars

Peninsular War

the retreat from Spain came on the heels of Napoleons disastrous _____________ (1812-1813); Russia started allowing trade with the British so Napoleon had to punish them; in July 1912 Napoleon led his Grand Army of 614,000 men eastward across Central Europe and into Russia; the Russians avoided a direct confrontation with Napoleon; they retreated to Moscow drawing the French into the interior is Russia hoping that its size and weather would act as "support" for the Russian czar; the Russian nobles abandoned their estates and burned their crops to the ground, leaving the French to operate far from their supply bases in territory stripped from food

Russian Campaign

Russian general Kutuzov; the Russian troops get to withdraw, proves that Napoleon is overextended and after the _______ he had to retreat; though Boone militarily won, France lost because they had to retreat

Battle of Borodino

Napoleon's French Empire was defeated in a war spanning 1806–1807. Coalition partners included Prussia, Russia, Saxony, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.

War of the Fourth Coalition

October 16-16,1813; the largest battle in history up until this point in time; known also as Battle of Nations; Napoleon defeated

Battle of Leipzig

Frankfurt Proposals

created March 1814: they each promise to send 100,000 troops to go and invade France

Quadruple Alliance

Louis XVIII

Charter of 1814

“First” Treaty of Paris

Congress of Vienna

Bourbon dynasty are restored in France Spain and Naples; some Holland dynasties are restored

Legitimacy

Compensation

Balance of Power

union of German states provided for at the Congress of Vienna to replace HRE, which had been destroyed during French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars; made of 39 states

German Confederation (Bund)

Berlin Decree

"Second” Treaty of Paris, 1815

deal harshly with the French; minor changes of the frontiers previously agreed to; France has to pay an indemnity of 700,000,000 francs for loss of life

"Second' Treaty of Paris

Concert of Europe

idea is to entire the status quo that the congress if Vienna decided on; extremely conservative

Concert of Europe

Congress System

series of meetings to monitor the status quo; collective security: Britain eventually withdraws ; critics-said it repressed nationalism; success-maintained the balance I power until Germany unified. Kept people out of war until World War I

Congress System

'Holy Alliance'

czar Alexander I proposed that all monarchs sign a statement agreeing to uphold Christian principles of charity ad peace throughout Europe; all signed except the Pope, Britain, and the sultan; Alexander was that only one that really took it seriously; liberals saw it as an unholy alliance against liberty and progress

'Holy Alliance'

Alexander I

Napoleon Terms Flashcards

(89 cards)