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AP Euro > Urbanization and Intellectual Movement > Flashcards

Urbanization and Intellectual Movement Flashcards

1
Q

main focus in steel production, oil , electricity , and chemicals

A

Second Industrial Revoution

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2
Q

population growth; Britain was first to experience Urban growth; population of Europe increased by 50% between 1870-1914; significant decline in mortality rates; lower birth rates

A

Urbanization

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3
Q

caused by Edwin Chadwick, the most famous reformer ; sanitary idea ; aqueduct system piped water would carry off excrement of communal outhouses; Britain passed 1st health law in 1848

A

Public Health Movement

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4
Q

most Famous reformer; influenced by Bentham’s utilitarianism; saw dieses as primary cost of poverty; sanitary idea

A

Edwin Chadwick

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5
Q

believed desiese could be prevented by cleaning up urban environment

A

“sanitary idea”

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6
Q

redeveloped Paris; wide boulevards (so no one could barricade the streets); middle class suburbs on outskirts of Paris; demolition of slums; creation of parks and open spaces

A

Georges von Haussmann

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7
Q

1895; ‘good old days’ before the war; increased standardize living in industrial countries; better living in Northern Europe; people gradually enjoyed higher wages and lower food prices; increased leisure time along with increased money to spend

A

“Belle Epoque”

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8
Q

came up with the ‘germ theory’; also began pasteurization

A

Louis Pasteur

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9
Q

fermentation caused by growth of living organisms and activity of these organisms could be sue pressed by heating beverage; reduces food poisoning ; created by Louis Pasteur

A

pasteurization

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10
Q

‘antiseptic principle’ in performing surgery; had to sanitize instruments and hands before/after surgery and clean surgery room; resulted in far fewer people dying of infection from surgeries

A

Joesph Lister

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11
Q

created periodic table

A

Dmetri Medeleev

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12
Q

electromagnetism; created generator of sorts ‘the dynamo’; led to electric motors, lights, street cars

A

Micheal Faraday

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13
Q

father of sociology; positivism; believed social scientists could help regulate society; thinks of science as religion and desires rule of experts

A

August Comte

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14
Q

said all intellectual activity goes through predictable stages and this humans would soon discover eternal laws of human relations through the study of sociology

A

positivism

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15
Q

wrote On Origin of Species; Theory of Evolution; all life gradually evolved from common ancestral origin of unending struggle for survival; big supporter was Thomas Huxley

A

Charles Darwin

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16
Q

big supporter of Darwin; ‘Darwin’s Bulldog’

A

Thomas Huxley

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17
Q

created Social Darwinism; survival of the fittest; natural laws dictated why certain people were successful and why others were not; very popular with the upper middle class

A

Herbert Spencer

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18
Q

considered one of the three giants in 19th century; believed humans are highly irrational creatures; the human subconscious (ID) was not subject to reason; emphasized sexuality was key driving force in ones psychological problems; founder of psychoanalysis which believed that patients originated in unhappy early childhood experiences where they repressed strong feelings; used hypnosis

A

Sigmund Freud

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19
Q

discovered first radioactive element in 1910; died of radiation poison

A

Marie Curie

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20
Q

split atom in 1919; postulated the structure of the atom with positively charged nucleus and negatively charged electrons

A

Ernest Rutherford

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21
Q

quantum theory; subatomic energy is emitted in uneven little spurts called ‘quanta’

A

Max Planck

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22
Q

Theory of Relativity of time and space challenged traditional ideas of Newtonian physics; e=mc^2

A

Albert Einstein

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23
Q

traditional ideas of Newtonian physics

A

theory of relativity

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24
Q

Pope Leo XIII sought to permit Catholics to participate in the politics of liberal science; condemned socialism and Marxism but defended capitalism; supported laws that protected workers from exploitation; pronouncement led to creation of Catholic parties and trade unions at the turn of the century

A

Rerum Novarum

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25
belief the literature and art should depict life as it really was; largely reaction to the failed revolutions of 1848-1849 and subsequent loss of idealism
Realism
26
wrote Human Comedy and said society was grasping, amoral, and was undergoing social Darwinian struggle for power and wealth
Balzac
27
Madam Bovary; portrays provincial middle class as petty, smug, and hypocritical
Flaubert
28
write Tess of the d'Urbervilles
Hardy
29
giant of realistic literature; wrote Germinal about young miners in Northern France
Zola
30
means turn of the century
fin de siècle
31
thinks people are shaped by social class as well as own moral choices
Eliot
32
wrote War and Peace
Trotsky
33
father of modern drama; examined life morality often at odds with Victorian views of the day
Ibsen
34
coined term realism; painted 'The Stone Breakers'
Courbet
35
painted the Gleaners depicts farm women gleaning field after harvest
Millet
36
painted the Third Class Carriage
Daumire
37
painted the Laundry Girls Ironing
Degas
38
is bridge artist between impressionist and realist; painted Luncheon on the Grass
Manet
39
sought to capture momentary overall feeling or impression of light falling on real life scene
Impressionism
40
is foremost impressionist painter and series painter; Impression Sunrise
Monet
41
painted Dance at Moulin
Renoir
42
considered true father of impressionism
Pissaro
43
is greatest female artist of 19th century
Morisot
44
painted Starry Night
Van Gogh
45
pioneered expressionist techniques and painted in South Pacific; painted Where Do We Come From
Gaugin
46
painted Apples and Oranges
Cezanne
47
made exhibit that was called les Fauves- the wild beasts
Matisse
48
founder of cubism; painted The Ladies of Avignon
Picasso
49
all lines and angles; geometrical
Cubism
50
ultimate stage in development of abstract, nonrepresentational art
Expressionism
51
painted Composition VII
Kandinsky
52
What are the new inventions that define Belle Epoque?
telephone, automobile, gramophone, radio, motion pictures
53
Who painted this? What is it called?
Compisition VII Kandinsky
54
Who painted this? What is it called?
Starry Night Van Gogh
55
Apples and Oranges Cezanne
56
Ladies of Avignon Picasso
57
Where do we come from? Gauguin
58
Dance at Moulin Renoir
59
Luncheon on the Grass Manet
60
Laundry Girls Ironing Degas
61
Third Class Carriage Daumier
62
The Gleaners Millet
63
The Stone Breakers Courbet
64
Second Industrial Revoution
main focus in steel production, oil , electricity , and chemicals
65
Urbanization
population growth; Britain was first to experience Urban growth; population of Europe increased by 50% between 1870-1914; significant decline in mortality rates; lower birth rates
66
Public Health Movement
caused by Edwin Chadwick, the most famous reformer ; sanitary idea ; aqueduct system piped water would carry off excrement of communal outhouses; Britain passed 1st health law in 1848
67
Edwin Chadwick
most Famous reformer; influenced by Bentham's utilitarianism; saw dieses as primary cost of poverty; sanitary idea
68
"sanitary idea"
believed desiese could be prevented by cleaning up urban environment
69
Georges von Haussmann
redeveloped Paris; wide boulevards (so no one could barricade the streets); middle class suburbs on outskirts of Paris; demolition of slums; creation of parks and open spaces
70
"Belle Epoque"
1895; 'good old days' before the war; increased standardize living in industrial countries; better living in Northern Europe; people gradually enjoyed higher wages and lower food prices; increased leisure time along with increased money to spend
71
Louis Pasteur
came up with the 'germ theory'; also began pasteurization
72
pasteurization
fermentation caused by growth of living organisms and activity of these organisms could be sue pressed by heating beverage; reduces food poisoning ; created by Louis Pasteur
73
Joesph Lister
'antiseptic principle' in performing surgery; had to sanitize instruments and hands before/after surgery and clean surgery room; resulted in far fewer people dying of infection from surgeries
74
Dmetri Medeleev
created periodic table
75
Micheal Faraday
electromagnetism; created generator of sorts 'the dynamo'; led to electric motors, lights, street cars
76
August Comte
father of sociology; positivism; believed social scientists could help regulate society; thinks of science as religion and desires rule of experts
77
positivism
said all intellectual activity goes through predictable stages and this humans would soon discover eternal laws of human relations through the study of sociology
78
Charles Darwin
wrote On Origin of Species; Theory of Evolution; all life gradually evolved from common ancestral origin of unending struggle for survival; big supporter was Thomas Huxley
79
Thomas Huxley
big supporter of Darwin; 'Darwin's Bulldog'
80
Herbert Spencer
created Social Darwinism; survival of the fittest; natural laws dictated why certain people were successful and why others were not; very popular with the upper middle class
81
Sigmund Freud
considered one of the three giants in 19th century; believed humans are highly irrational creatures; the human subconscious (ID) was not subject to reason; emphasized sexuality was key driving force in ones psychological problems; founder of psychoanalysis which believed that patients originated in unhappy early childhood experiences where they repressed strong feelings; used hypnosis
82
Marie Curie
discovered first radioactive element in 1910; died of radiation poison
83
Ernest Rutherford
split atom in 1919; postulated the structure of the atom with positively charged nucleus and negatively charged electrons
84
Max Planck
quantum theory; subatomic energy is emitted in uneven little spurts called 'quanta'
85
Albert Einstein
Theory of Relativity of time and space challenged traditional ideas of Newtonian physics; e=mc^2
86
theory of relativity
traditional ideas of Newtonian physics
87
Rerum Novarum
Pope Leo XIII sought to permit Catholics to participate in the politics of liberal science; condemned socialism and Marxism but defended capitalism; supported laws that protected workers from exploitation; pronouncement led to creation of Catholic parties and trade unions at the turn of the century
88
Realism
belief the literature and art should depict life as it really was; largely reaction to the failed revolutions of 1848-1849 and subsequent loss of idealism
89
Balzac
wrote Human Comedy and said society was grasping, amoral, and was undergoing social Darwinian struggle for power and wealth
90
Flaubert
Madam Bovary; portrays provincial middle class as petty, smug, and hypocritical
91
Hardy
write Tess of the d'Urbervilles
92
Zola
giant of realistic literature; wrote Germinal about young miners in Northern France
93
fin de siècle
means turn of the century
94
Eliot
thinks people are shaped by social class as well as own moral choices
95
Trotsky
wrote War and Peace
96
Ibsen
father of modern drama; examined life morality often at odds with Victorian views of the day
97
Courbet
coined term realism; painted 'The Stone Breakers'
98
Millet
painted the Gleaners depicts farm women gleaning field after harvest
99
Daumire
painted the Third Class Carriage
100
Degas
painted the Laundry Girls Ironing
101
Manet
is bridge artist between impressionist and realist; painted Luncheon on the Grass
102
Impressionism
sought to capture momentary overall feeling or impression of light falling on real life scene
103
Monet
is foremost impressionist painter and series painter; Impression Sunrise
104
Renoir
painted Dance at Moulin
105
Pissaro
considered true father of impressionism
106
Morisot
is greatest female artist of 19th century
107
Van Gogh
painted Starry Night
108
Gaugin
pioneered expressionist techniques and painted in South Pacific; painted Where Do We Come From
109
Cezanne
painted Apples and Oranges
110
Matisse
made exhibit that was called les Fauves- the wild beasts
111
Picasso
founder of cubism; painted The Ladies of Avignon
112
Cubism
all lines and angles; geometrical
113
Expressionism
ultimate stage in development of abstract, nonrepresentational art
114
Kandinsky
painted Composition VII
115
The Stone Breakers Courbet

AP Euro (13 decks)

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