The Cold War and Nationalism

Question 1

1943; USSR was guaranteed to be only power to liberate Eastern Europe

Answer 1

Tehran Conferance

Question 2

1945 Stalin pledges democratic election for Eastern Europe; Germany divided to not allow unification

Answer 2

Yalta Conference

Question 3

Truman demanded free elections for Eastern Europe; Stalin wants a buffer zone in Eastern Europe

Answer 3

Potsdam Conference

Question 4

made by Churchill; an ____ had descended across the continent of Europe and Russia

Answer 4

“Iron Curtain” SPeech

Question 5

‘Federal Republic of Germany’; an independent country by 1949; federal republic; led by Konrad Adenauer

Answer 5

West Germany

Question 6

‘German Democratic Republic’; established 1949; democratic republic of Germany; led by Walter Ulbricant

Answer 6

East Germany

Question 7

civil war in east; turkey under pressure from USSR for Dardanelles; Britain has helped, but asks US to take over; ‘we are going to help with finical aid and assistance if they are trying to resist overthrow by communism’

Answer 7

Truman Doctrine

Question 8

in 1947 US pledged to prevent the spread of communism; George Kennan brain child

Answer 8

containment

Question 9

also known as “European Recovery Program”; brain child of Secretary of State, George Marshall; 1948; ‘The US should provide aid to all European nations that need it. This move is not against any country or doctrine, but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos.’; 12.5 billion of US aid to Western Europe, extended to Eastern Europe and USSR, but were refused

Answer 9

Marshall Plan

Question 10

soviets attempt to get allies out of Berlin; all roads blocked and electricity cut; high tension point in Cold War; massive US airlift of 277,000 into city carrying supplies (landed every forty five seconds); lifted 11 months later in 1949

Answer 10

Berlin Airlift

Question 11

(North Atlantic Treaty Organization) founded as response to Berlin Crisis; collective security, membership non optional, 12 member nations; still intact today

Answer 11

NATO

Question 12

1955; anti-NATO -people republic of china in 1949 Mao Zedong won Chinese Revolution

Answer 12

Warsaw Pact

Question 13

was developed by US in 1952, and by USSR in 1953; more destructive than atomic bomb

Answer 13

Hydrogen Bomb

Question 14

is a military doctrine and nuclear strategy in which a state commits itself to retaliate in much greater force in the event of an attack.

Answer 14

“massive retaliation”

Question 15

Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Romania, Bulgaria, and Albania

Answer 15

Eastern Bloc

Question 16

head of the USSR, worked to earn more land

Answer 16

Joseph Stalin

Question 17

forced labor camps

Answer 17

gulags

Question 18

dominated Yugoslavia but not by the Soviets (person)

Answer 18

Josip Broz Tito

Question 19

emerges to rule USSR a few years after Stalin dies; realized reforms were needed (reduction in secret police power, closure of gulags, AG is in bad shape, sufficient shortage of consumer goods, poor living conditions) and these reforms were part of De-Stalinization

Answer 19

Khrushchev

Question 20

Khrushchev denounces Stalin’s crimes in closed session; secret anti-Stalin speech; most influential statement in Russia since April Thesis

Answer 20

De-Stalinization

Question 21

Khrushchev anti-Stalin speech; denounces Stalin

Answer 21

20th Party Congress speech

Question 22

the resources shifted from heavy industry and military to goods and AG; centralized economic planning

Answer 22

Gosplan

Question 23

wrote Dr. Zhivago about an intellectual who rejects brutality of blush avid revolution in 1917 and Stalinism and is ultimately destroyed

Answer 23

Pasternak

Question 24

wrote One Day in the Life Ivan Denisovich portrays in grim detail a Stalinist gulag where he had been a prisoner

Answer 24

Solzenitsyn

Question 25

1956; Nagy elected prime minister; let some demonstrations; want non communist government legalized; turned into armed rebellion and spread; hoped for US support; soviet tanks and troops took down uprising; Kadar became new prime minister

Answer 25

Hungarian Uprising

Question 26

sought by Khrushchev with the west so he could focus on improving the Soviet economy; between US and SU

Answer 26

"Peaceful Coexistence"

Question 27

the USSR agreed in 1955 to real independence for neutral Austria after 10 years of Allie occupation; lessen of tensions 1955 to 57

Answer 27

Austrian Independence

Question 28

1955; in Geneva, Switzerland; USSR met with Us, Britain, and France to begin discussions on European security and disarmament; no agreement reached

Answer 28

Geneva Conference

Question 29

First artificial satellite in space; was Russian satellite sent into orbit and brought back in 1957; major scientific achievement; began the space race

Answer 29

Sputnik

Question 30

the Russian satellite Sputnik started this

Answer 30

"space race"

Question 31

open skies, taking plane pictures over Moscow; Col. Francis Powers' plane was shot down over Soviet airspace; pilot caught alive and sentenced to ten years in prison for espionage

Answer 31

U-2 Incident

Question 32

goes up to seperate east and west Germany to keep allies out; checkpoint Charlie was the only way through; 1963 Kennedy tells Berliners that west is with them 'Ich bin ein Berliner" meaning I am a Berliner

Answer 32

Berlin Wall

Question 33

US was going to train Cuban exiles to get into Cuba to overthrow Castro; overall failyre

Answer 33

Bay of Pigs Invasion

Question 34

in 1962 spy planes flew over Cuba and saw nuclear weapons; closest got to nuclear war; Cuba quarantined; soviets took missiles out of Cuba -nuclear test ban treaty in 1963 was signed by US, USSR, and Britain; it banned atmospheric testing in an attempt to lessen Cold War tensions; France refused to sign; china became a nuclear power in 1964 leading to tension with soviets

Answer 34

Cuban Missile Crisis

Question 35

1964 period of stagnation and limited re-Stalinization; massive armed build up; avoid direct confrontation and more clothes to peaceful coexistence; dictatorship was collective; determined to maintain status quo; celebrated nonconformists were permanently expelled

Answer 35

Brezhnev

Question 36

Reform movement spread under Dubcek; Czech Republic elects president who was socialist but wanted freedoms; Soviets send troops to crush movement

Answer 36

"Prague Spring"

Question 37

Dubcek's quote on socialism in Czechoslovakia

Answer 37

"socialism with a human face"

Question 38

Elected leader of Czechoslovakia

Answer 38

Dubcek

Question 39

doctrine created after the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968, according to which the Soviet Union and its allies had the right to intervene in any socialist country whenever they saw the need

Answer 39

Brezhnev Doctrine

Question 40

Chancellor of West Germany; tried to improve relations with East Germany; thought up Ostopolitik

Answer 40

Brandt

Question 41

brain child of west German chancellor Willy Brandt; "Eastern Initiative"; sought a comprehensive peace settlement for Central Europe and new resolution of the "German Question"; "two German states, but one German nation"

Answer 41

Ostpolitik

Question 42

(Strategic arms limitation treaty) signed treaty with soviet to stop making nuclear ballistic missiles and reduce number of anti ballistic missiles to 200 for each power; development of MIRV's soon made SALT obsolete (multiple warheads and 1 missile ); between Brezhnev and Nixon

Answer 42

SALT I

Question 43

officially ended WWII by finally legitimizing soviet dictated boundaries of Poland and other Eastern Europe countries; soviets guaranteed more liberal exchanges of people and info between north and west and protection of basic human rights

Answer 43

Helsinki Conference

Question 44

Ends detente; led to US refusal to ratify SALT II and US boycott of 1980 Olympics in Moscow; in 1984 Soviets boycott Olympics in Los Angeles; US stopped grain shipments and certain technology to USSR; only Britain stood with US

Answer 44

Soviet Invasion of Afganistan

Question 45

is popular movement of working people who organized massive labor union; led by Lech Walesa; demands right to form free trade unions, right to strike, freedom of speech, etc; in 1981 polish government led by communist part leader general Jaruzelski imposed martial law after being warned by soviets if polish couldn't keep order soviets would; outlawed

Answer 45

Solidarity

Question 46

Polish cardinal who talked about human rights and encouraged solidarity

Answer 46

Pope John Paul II

Question 47

Led solidarity movement

Answer 47

Lech Walesa

Question 48

is revitalized under Ronald Reagan (US), Margeret Thatcher (UK), and Helmut Kohl (West Germany); believed soviet was dangerous threat; gave indirect support to things such as solidarity

Answer 48

Atlantic Alliance

Question 49

became prime minister in 1979; advocates hard line military position; known for Falkland war where she sent British troops to Falkland islands to take them back from Argentineans

Answer 49

Thatcher

Question 50

is pro-American and came to power with conservative Christian democrats as chancellor of west Germany in 1982; part of Atlantic alliance

Answer 50

Kohl

Question 51

took a hard line stance against the soviets during his presidency; started the Strategic Defense Initiative "Star Wars" in 1983; dramatic increase in defense spending; out spend SU militarilr

Answer 51

Reagan

Question 52

general secretary for soviet union 1985 to 1991; started perestroika which aimed to reviving the soviet economy by adopting free market practices of the West which fails; starts Glasnost which is free speech, some political liberty, and ended party censorship; started demokratiztsiya was an attack on corruption in communist party; on march 1989 was first free election; sought to reduce east west tension; withdraw troops from Afghanistan

Answer 52

Gorbachev

Question 53

Political reform in SU; some free speech and liberty

Answer 53

glasnost

Question 54

Economic reforms; adopt free market tactics in SU but fails

Answer 54

perestroika

Question 55

1987; treaty was signed by Gorbachev and Reagan and said intermediate range nuclear missiles from Europe banned; reduction of Cold War tension

Answer 55

INF Treaty

Question 56

1990; cut back US weapons 10% and SU weapons 25%; between Bush and Gorbachev

Answer 56

START Treaty

Question 57

ended communist control of EE; cost of maintaining satellite countries politically and economically too much for USSR

Answer 57

Revolutions of 1989

Question 58

the Berlin Wall came down in November and East German gov fell; ____ in 1990; soviets opposed unified Germany but eventually let it go

Answer 58

German Reunification

Question 59

Playwright who became first non communist leader of Czechoslovakia

Answer 59

Havel

Question 60

in Czechoslovakia the fall of the Berlin Wall inspired reformers to break from soviet influence

Answer 60

Velvet Revolution

Question 61

Violent revolution on 1989; lots of people killed and violent dictator,Nicolai Ceausescu , executed

Answer 61

Romania

Question 62

high maintaining costs, middle class reform calls; economics crisis in 1970s, nationalistic resentment, and continued lag in economy

Answer 62

fall of soviet union

Question 63

becomes president if Russia 1991 to 2000; has liberal allies declared Russia independent so Russia withdrew from Soviet Union; on December 25 1991 USSR dissolves into 15 desperate republics and goes away; Russia assumed USSR's seat in UN Security Council

Answer 63

Yeltsin

Question 64

one of the biggest issues in the 1990s and early 2000s; 1991 Chechen nationalists declared independence from Russia; Yeltsin ordered a full-scale invasion 1994; 100000 Chechens does and 4000 Russians; 1997 peace agreement; second 'war' began when radical Islamics began campaign of terror and violence

Answer 64

Checnya

Question 65

gradually began recentralizing power by increasing power of executive branch and weakening regional gov'ts; freedom of press restricted; somewhat successful economic reforms; re-elected in 2004; 2008 ran for prime minister and served until 2012; 2012 started third term presidency

Answer 65

Putin

Question 66

after WWII most European powers experienced the disintegration of their colonial empire after WWII; almost all colonies became independent between 1947 and 1962; reasons are modern nationalism and belief on self determination and racial equality, decline of European prestige, more concerned about European rebuilding; Indian National Congress played major part

Answer 66

De-colonization

Question 67

Gandhi is for passive resistance (civil disobedience) in India; assassinated

Answer 67

India

Question 68

in 1948 tried to defeat Israel but failed; triggered a successful nationalistic revolution on 1952 and ended British control; Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalizes Suez Canal and destroys last of British influence; France, Britain, and Israel attack without alerting USA or Soviet Union; almost starts another world war; nothing really happens

Answer 68

Egypt

Question 69

French vs Vietnamese for Vietnamese independence; Vietnam wins

Answer 69

Dien Bien Phu

Question 70

French colony; French population did not want independence, but natives did; civil war broke out between French and natives; Charles de Gaulle accepted native self determination; 1962 country becomes independent and French leave; crisis ended Fourth French Republic and began Fifth French Republic

Answer 70

Algeria

Question 71

is an intergovernmental organisation of 54 independent member states.

Answer 71

British Commonwealth of Nations

Question 72

Sub-Saharan African society; half terrorist, half guerrilla; uses bamboo guns against Britain

Answer 72

Mao Mao

Question 73

communism is the only thing holding the country together ; in 1990 President sought Serbia dominated ___; in Crotia and Slovenia declared independence and fought Serbia successfully; Montenegro became independent in 2006 and ended ____

Answer 73

Yugoslavia

Question 74

president of Serbia

Answer 74

Milosevic

Question 75

declared independence and successfully fought Serbia

Answer 75

Croatia

Question 76

declared independence and successfully fought Serbia with Croatia

Answer 76

Slovenia

Question 77

Bosnia Serbs attacked Sarajevo and began liquidating the Muslims; led to Dayton Agreement

Answer 77

ethnic cleansing

Question 78

in 1995 divided Bosnia between Muslims and Serbs; NATO came un to occupy and enforce

Answer 78

Dayton Agreements

Question 79

1999 Milosevic attempted to ethnically cleanse __ of ethnic Albanians; NATO bombed Serbia to stop them; Milosevic removed from power in 2000 and placed under international war crimes

Answer 79

Kosovo Crisis

Question 80

terrorist group in Ireland

Answer 80

Irish Republican Army (IRA)

Question 81

terrorist group in Spain

Answer 81

ETA, Basques

Question 82

people who come from other countries to work

Answer 82

"guest workers"

Question 83

opposes immigration and against France going into EU

Answer 83

Le Pen

Question 84

in Austria; very radical and popular; against immigration and "guest workers"; elected leader but asked to step down by EU

Answer 84

Haider