Russian Revolution Flashcards
(48 cards)
1801-1825: initially favored liberal ideals, increasingly reactionary after 1815, proposed Holy Alliance
Czar Alexander I
is 1st major attempt to stop growth of liberalism, no one takes it seriously; proposed by Czar Alexander I
“Holy Alliance”
1825, czar dies, leads to Constantine vs. Nicholas -Decembrists want Constantine on throne, Nicholas puts down rebellion, executes Decembrist leaders
Decembrist Uprising
most reactionary monarcy; ‘autocracy, orthodoxy, & nationality’; Russia turns into a police state with a secret police (the third section) and state sponsored terrorism, limited education
Nicholas I
think culture of mere is superior to anything in the west, want dominance of Orthodox Church, support Nicholas
Slavophiles
all about industrializing, setting up constitutional government, and free serfs, pro revolution
Westernizers
greatest reform minded czar since Peter the Great but Russia remained autocratic, believed serfdom had retarded modernization and caused over 1500 uprising, emancipation act officially abolished serfdom in 1861
Alexander II
1861; ending serfdom was key modernization; abolished serfdom; most Russians not imparted
Emancipation Act
most Russians lived in highly regulated communes; collective ownership and responsibility made it hard to move
mirs
district assemblies, regulate village life, nobles control when peasants are supposed to
zemstovs
spun off mainstream socialist movement; sought to destroy the centralized state
anarchy
most influential of anarchists
Bakunin
most reactionary czar of 19th century, ‘autocracy, orthodoxy, and russiafication’
Alexander III
Alexander III’s program while on power; czar is supreme, church is supreme, becoming Russian in culture fully
“Autocracy, Orthodoxy, and Russification”
violent persecutions of Jewish in Russian area
pogroms
created idea of Zionism which advocated a Jewish homeland on the Holy Land as a remedy to continue persecution of Jews in eastern and Central Europe
Herzl
aggressively courting western capital, wants to build factories, small middle class begins, starts trans Siberian railroad
Count S.Y. Witte
dissolves Duma twice in 1906
Nicholas II
Russia and Japan both wanted Manchuria and Korea; Japan destroyed Russian fleet of coat of Korea and won major battles on land; Europeans horrified Japan had defeated a major western power; ended with Treaty of Portsmouth
Russo-Japanese War
1905, Russia acknowledges Japan owns Korea and Russia gets some of Manchuria
Treaty of Portsmouth
workers and peasants marched peacefully to winter palace asking for reform; czar wasn’t there but army was and killed many in cold blood
“Bloody Sunday”
Bloody Sunday; peasant revolt and troop mutinies paralyzed Russia by October and czar had to make changes
Revolution of 1905
created Duma, the first national parliament; religious toleration on Poland; people allowed to speak native language; temporarily reduce limits on Jews
October Manifesto
Advisory body for czar; first met in 1906, dissolved twice, third perfect for czar because they are conservative and pro czar
Duma
