nature of craniofacial growth

Question 1

an increase in the number of cells

Answer 1

Hyperplasia

Question 2

an increase in the the size of cells

Answer 2

Hypertrophy

Question 3

whays cellular growth appears

Answer 3

Secreteion of extracellular material
Hypertrophy
Hyperplasiaa

Question 4

what leads to the critical distinction between soft and hard tissues

Answer 4

Calcification of the extracellular material

Question 5

is cartilage hard of soft tissue

Answer 5

Soft

Question 6

how does soft tissue growth occur

Answer 6

Combo of hyperplaisa and hypertrophy

Question 7

result of the growth of soft tissue

Answer 7

interstitial growth (growth inside tissue)

Question 8

what can also accompnay interstitial growth

Answer 8

secretion of extracellular material

Question 9

endochondral ossification

Answer 9

Cartilage is growing then replaced by bone

Question 10

what type of growth is a characteristic of uncalcified cartilage

Answer 10

Interstitial growth

Question 11

can interstitial growth occur in hard tissue

Answer 11

No, and growth can only occur at the surface and not in the calcified mass

Question 12

hos does growth of hard tissue occur

Answer 12

direct addition in free surface, by cells of the periosteum

replacement of soft tissue

Question 13

what does the growing in endochondrial ossification

Answer 13

cartilage grows, followed by replacement by bone

Question 14

how does Endochondral ossification occur on long bones

Answer 14

bone formation on surface of cartilage
Invasion of blood vessel to hollow out center
ingrowth of B.V> lead to ossification center in the catilaginous caps
band of cartilage remains, to form a diaphysis and epiphyses

Question 15

bands of cartilage in a long bone

Answer 15

Epiphyseal plates

Question 16

how does a bone grow longer

Answer 16

Endochondral replacement

Question 17

how does a bone grow wider

Answer 17

Direction formation of new bone

Question 18

what does bone widening

Answer 18

PEriostem

Question 19

can bone change in calcifed masses

Answer 19

Yes, due to osteocytes

Question 20

why remodel the inner surface of bone

Answer 20

adapting to mechanical stresses

makes calcium and phosphate ion exchanges with blood

Question 21

where does calcium and phosophate exchange occur

Answer 21

around the periosteal surface and havershian systems

Question 22

what is a haversian system

Answer 22

osteocytes surroudning a blood vessel

Question 23

2 parts of the canium

Answer 23

cranial vault

Cranial base

Question 24

parts of the face

Answer 24

Maso-maxillary complex

Mandibular

Question 25

how is the cranial vault ade

Answer 25

directly with no endochondral bone formation. | Uses just the periosteum

Question 26

the connective tissue in between the bones fo the cranial valt

Answer 26

Fontanelles

Question 27

Roll of Fontanelles

Answer 27

Considerable deformation at brith so you can give birth to the baby

Question 28

how is the cranial base formed

Answer 28

Endochondrial ossification

Question 29

the cartilage of the cranial base

Answer 29

Chondocranium

Question 30

when does the chondocranium occur

Answer 30

About 8 weeks in utero

Question 31

when does ossification begin in the chondocranium

Answer 31

week 12 at the same time as intramembranous bone formation of the cranial vault

Question 32

how does growth occur at the cranial base

Answer 32

at the lateral edges of the strucutres via synchondroses

Question 33

important synchondroses for growth

Answer 33

Spheno-occipital, inter-sphenoid | spheno-ethmoidal

Question 34

difference in synchondrosis and suture

Answer 34

Synchondrosis is cartilage with maturing cartialge extending outsward in both directions suture is only periosteum and connective tissue

Question 35

how does maxillary growth occur

Answer 35

Sutures and surface remodeling

Question 36

what indirectly affects the naso maxillary complex

Answer 36

endochondrial growth of the cranial base

Question 37

how does the maxillar grow

Answer 37

Along the sutures

Question 38

what are the posterior and superior sutures of the maxilla idea for

Answer 38

Downward and forward repositioning of the maxilla

Question 39

where is bone added to allow molars to erupt

Answer 39

The tuberoscity

Question 40

how is the anterior of the maxilla changed as it grows down and forward

Answer 40

remodeled and removed

Question 41

why does it look like the maxilla moves more downward than forward

Answer 41

surface remodeling opposes forward translation but adds to the downward

Question 42

how does the mandible develop

Answer 42

Associated with cartilage but doesn't really replace it

Question 43

where does bone formation begin in the mandible

Answer 43

LAteral to Meckel's cartialge and spreads posterior without using cartilage fuses early at the midline

Question 44

where is the cartialge in the MAndible

Answer 44

At the TMJ, not derived from meckel's cartilage, but late in life

Question 45

how does the manible grow

Answer 45

Some at the condylar cartilage, rest by direct surface apposition and remodeling

Question 46

where does most of the growth of the mandible occure

Answer 46

Posteriorly, via appositional growth, pushing the mandible forward

Question 47

how is the ramus remodeled

Answer 47

Bone is added to the posterior and removed from the anterior

Question 48

how is the mandible wided

Answer 48

REmodeling of the ramus

Question 49

how does the alveolar bone grow

Answer 49

Grows upward along with the teeth

Question 50

why must new alveolar bone form

Answer 50

Keep the teeth from growing right out of the mandibule