growth and development

Question 1

what does growth indicated

Answer 1

Change most often associated with increase

Question 2

what does Development mean

Answer 2

New capabilities, bigger and better, with possibility of some cost
-complexity and decrease in potentiality

Question 3

what is a growth pattern

Answer 3

a complex set of proportional relationships, with some growth being larger and smaller than others

Question 4

what type of pattern is pattern in growth

Answer 4

A higher level patter, with predicable changes

Question 5

what is a pattern

Answer 5

changes in proportion over the course of time

Question 6

what is the cephalocaudal pattern of growth

Answer 6

craniofacial structures grow earlier and structures away from head grow more to chatch up

Question 7

how does the skull grow

Answer 7

more growth in the face than in the cranium. Cranium grows faster than face first then slows as the face speeds up
parts of the face that grow farther from the cranium grow the slowest

Question 8

what part of the face grows the most postnataly

Answer 8

The mandibule

Question 9

what does it mean when doing data and points do not cluster such like a bell shaped curve

Answer 9

Not a normal distribution

Question 10

what is 1 std dev

Answer 10

67% of the population

Question 11

what is 2 std dev

Answer 11

95% of the population

Question 12

what is 3 std dev

Answer 12

99% of the population

Question 13

what does a median value correspond to

Answer 13

2nd quartil

Question 14

what is the inter-quartile range

Answer 14

Measure of variation reported with the median value

Question 15

how are growth chars expressed

Answer 15

In percentile, comparing height and weight to peers over time

Question 16

organization of growth charts

Answer 16

line is percentile
x is time
y is height/weight

Question 17

what is the percentile for normal kids

Answer 17

3rd and 97th percentile

Question 18

how does growth charts show abnormalties

Answer 18

crossing over in percentiles over the ages

Question 19

when are differences in timing of growth most apparent

Answer 19

Near adolscence

Question 20

what causes adolescent growth spurt

Answer 20

SExual maturation

Question 21

when do boys and girls have te growth spurt

Answer 21

girls two years before boys

Question 22

why might a person cross percentiles in growth, but not be a problem

Answer 22

if a person matures unusually late or early, they’ll cross percentiles

Question 23

why is chronologic age not a good indicator of an individual growth status

Answer 23

BEcause of timing variability

Question 24

how is age measured biologically

Answer 24

In terms of progress towards achievement of certain development markers

Question 25

how to measure biologic age

Answer 25

maturation of cervical vertebrae

Question 26

what does the stages in maturation of the cervical vertebrae correlate well with

Answer 26

Adolescent growth spurt

Question 27

when is the best time for ortho

Answer 27

Adolescent growth spurt

Question 28

stage 2 age

Answer 28

indicates that peak growth at adolsecence is still a year or so ahead

Question 29

stage 3 age

Answer 29

less then one year till peak growth

Question 30

stage 4,5, and 6

Answer 30

increasing distances beyond peak growth

Question 31

best stage to do ortho

Answer 31

stage 3

Question 32

other name for biologic age

Answer 32

Developmental or maturation ages

Question 33

cross sectional studies

Answer 33

TAken from different groups at different points, instead of tracing one person

Question 34

pros and cons of cross sectional

Answer 34

easy, individual variation though is a problem

Question 35

longitudinal studies

Answer 35

Same individual is folowed over time

Question 36

what is the distance vs velocity in longitudinal growth

Answer 36

distance is overal growth | Velocity is how fast the growth occured

Question 37

basic measurement techniques for physical growth

Answer 37

``` Craniometry Anthropometry Cephalometric radiography 3D radiography (computed tomography) ```

Question 38

WHAT IS CRANIOMETRY

Answer 38

based on the measurement of the skull

Question 39

what is Anthropometry

Answer 39

Measurements on living individuals, using soft tissue landmarks

Question 40

source of error in anthropometry

Answer 40

varying soft tissue thickness

Question 41

use of anthropometry today

Answer 41

Estabilish facial proportions, for planning ortho treatment

Question 42

what is cephalomtric radiology

Answer 42

USing X-rays of head and face to provide a way to combine the advantages of cranometry and thropometry

Question 43

Pros and cons of cephalometric radiology

Answer 43

Direcet measurement of the skeleton, but still can measure soft tissue needs proper possitioning 2D exposure to X-rays

Question 44

pros and cons of axial computed tomography

Answer 44

reconstruct facial images in 3D expensive large radiation dose

Question 45

benifit of Cone beam CT

Answer 45

less radiation | cost less

Question 46

problem with cone beam CT

Answer 46

not as accurate as Axial Ct, but still good

Question 47

why superimpose CT scans

Answer 47

tracing based on identified landmarks to show growth

Question 48

why is the marker technique mostly used in animals

Answer 48

Can be destructive

Question 49

techniques for markers

Answer 49

Vital staining Autoradiography Cephalometric superimposition on Implants Molecular bio

Question 50

what is Vital staining

Answer 50

Dyes that are incorporated into bone are injected into animal and amount of growth between 2 injection or since the last injection can be seen

Question 51

what dye is used to stain bone

Answer 51

Alizzarian

Question 52

what is autoradiography

Answer 52

RAdioactively labeled substances are injected, tissue specimens are prepared, and when photographic film is exposed and the location of radioactive materials in the tissue is revealed

Question 53

benifit of radioactive labeleing

Answer 53

Any substance can be turned intot he equivalent vital stain

Question 54

what is implant radiology

Answer 54

Based onvisualizing metal pins placed in the skelton and using them as perminant markers, since they show up on x-rays

Question 55

what was used to understand jaw growth patterns

Answer 55

Implant Radiology

Question 56

how does the JAw grow

Answer 56

bone was added to the posterior surface of the ramus and condylar and coronoid processes removed bone from the gonial angle area

Question 57

molecularily measuring growth

Answer 57

genetic info by plasmids injected into mice | we see how the mice now are different morphologically