Neck

Question 1

What are the four main divisions of the Anterior Triangle of the neck?

Answer 1

Submandibular, Submental, Carotid, and Muscular triangles

Question 2

What are the two main divisions of the Posterior Triangle of the neck?

Answer 2

Occipital and Subclavian (omoclavicular) triangles

Question 3

The Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle is innervated by which Cranial Nerve?

Answer 3

CN XI (Accessory nerve)

Question 4

What is the action of the SCM muscle?

Answer 4

Flexion, Lateral flexion, and Rotation of the head/neck

Question 5

What condition involves the fibrosis and shortening of one SCM?

Answer 5

Torticollis

Question 6

What is the action of the Infrahyoid muscle group?

Answer 6

To depress the hyoid

Question 7

What is the primary innervation for most Infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 7

Ansa cervicalis (cervical plexus: C1-C3)

Question 8

Which Infrahyoid muscle also elevates the thyroid cartilage?

Answer 8

Thyrohyoid

Question 9

What is the action of the Suprahyoid muscle group?

Answer 9

To elevate the hyoid

Question 10

The Mylohyoid muscle and the Anterior belly of the Digastric are innervated by a branch of what Cranial Nerve?

Answer 10

CN V3 (n. to mylo-hyoid from Mandibular division of Trigeminal n.)

Question 11

The Posterior belly of the Digastric and the Stylohyoid muscles are innervated by what Cranial Nerve?

Answer 11

CN VII (Facial nerve)

Question 12

The Geniohyoid muscle is innervated by a branch from what spinal nerve that travels with a Cranial Nerve?

Answer 12

C1 via CN XII (Hypoglossal nerve)

Question 13

What are the borders of the Carotid triangle?

Answer 13

SCM, Posterior digastric, and Superior omohyoid

Question 14

What major vessels and nerves are found in the Carotid triangle?

Answer 14

Carotid a. & branches, Internal jugular v. & tributaries, Hypoglossal n. (CN XII), and Ansa cervicalis

Question 15

What are the major contents of the Muscular triangle?

Answer 15

Infrahyoid mm., Thyroid & parathyroid glands, Larynx, and Trachea

Question 16

What are the borders of the Occipital triangle (Posterior Triangle)?

Answer 16

SCM, Trapezius, and Inferior omohyoid m.

Question 17

What is the skull feature/level where the Common Carotid Artery typically bifurcates?

Answer 17

Superior border of the Thyroid cartilage (~C4 vertebral level)

Question 18

Name the branches of the External Carotid Artery (ECA).

Answer 18

Superior thyroid a., Lingual a., Facial a., Ascending pharyngeal a., Occipital a., Posterior auricular a., Superficial temporal a., Maxillary a.

Question 19

What is the structure/contents of the Carotid sheath?

Answer 19

Common/Internal carotid artery, Internal jugular vein, Vagus nerve (CN X), and Lymph nodes

Question 20

The Carotid Sinus and Carotid Body are primarily innervated by what Cranial Nerve for visceral afferent information?

Answer 20

CN IX (Glossopharyngeal nerve) (and a little bit of CN X)

Question 21

The Thyroid Gland is supplied by what two arteries?

Answer 21

Superior thyroid a. and Inferior thyroid a.

Question 22

The Right Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (CN X) passes under what artery?

Answer 22

The Right Subclavian artery

Question 23

The Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (CN X) passes under what major arch?

Answer 23

The Aortic arch

Question 24

What Cranial Nerve is motor to the Cricothyroid muscle?

Answer 24

External laryngeal nerve (a branch of the Superior laryngeal n. from CN X (Vagus))

Question 25

What is the most common spinal nerve root composition of the Phrenic Nerve?

Answer 25

C3-C5

Question 26

What is the function of the Phrenic Nerve?

Answer 26

Innervation of the Diaphragm (not explicitly stated as the diaphragm but Phrenic nerve is C3-C5, which innervates the diaphragm, an essential detail)

Question 27

Which artery and nerve pass between the Anterior and Middle Scalene muscles?

Answer 27

Subclavian artery and the Brachial and Cervical plexuses

Question 28

What vein passes anterior to the Anterior Scalene muscle?

Answer 28

Subclavian vein

Question 29

The Internal Jugular Vein (IJV) and Subclavian Vein join to form what?

Answer 29

The Brachiocephalic Vein (Left and Right venous angles drain into the Left and Right Brachiocephalic Veins respectively)

Question 30

What lymphatic vessel drains into the junction of the Left IJV and Subclavian vein?

Answer 30

The Thoracic duct