Neck and Thyroid gland

Question 1

Muscle that is deep to skin of neck?

Answer 1

Platysma

Question 2

Cervical vertebrae in neck?

Answer 2

C1-7
Articulate at facet joints, orientated obliquely
Allow range flexion and extension

Question 3

Name of C1

Answer 3

Atlas

Question 4

Name of C2

Answer 4

Axis

Question 5

Function hyoid bone

Answer 5

Inferior mandible
Keep pharynx open
Attachment point muscles and tongue

Question 6

Label

Answer 6

Question 7

Function of larynx?

Answer 7

Made small cartilages
Protects airway
Muscles attached move- move vocal cords- phonation

Question 8

What is main muscle in neck? Attachment? Innervation?

Answer 8

Sternocleidomastoid
Attached to sternum, clavicle
Innervated accessory nerve (CNXI)

Question 9

Label

Answer 9

Sternocleidomastoid

Question 10

Borders of anterior triangle?

Answer 10

● Anteriorly- midline of neck
● Posteriorly- anterior border sternocleidomastoid
● Superiorly- lower border of mandible

Question 11

Contents of anterior triangle?

Answer 11

Trachea
Larynx
Thyroid and parathyroid
Supra and infrahyoid- connect hyoid
Common carotid
Internal jugular
Branches facial, gloss, vagus, access, hypo
Ansa cervicalis- fibres C1-C3- innervate infrahyoid

Question 12

Boundaries of posterior triangle?

Answer 12

● Anteriorly- posterior border sternocleidomastoid
● Posteriorly- anterior border of trapezius
● Inferiorly- clavicle

Question 13

What does the posterior triangle contain?

Answer 13

● Muscles move head
● Subclavian artery and vein
● External jugular vein- drains scalp and face
● Accessory nerve (CN XI)
● Roots of the brachial plexus (spinal nerves supply the upper limb)
● Cervical plexus (fibres C1-4)
● Phrenic nerve

Question 14

Label

Answer 14

Question 15

Function suprahyoid muscles?

Answer 15

4 paired- mylohyoid, geniohyoid, stylohyoid, digastric
Form floor mouth
Contract- raise hyoid bone/larynx during speech and swallowing

Question 16

Function infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 16

Draw hyoid and larynx inferiorly during speech and swallowing
Sternohyoid and omohyoid superficial- attach hyoid to sternum and scapula
Sternothyroid and thyrohyoid deep- attach sternum to thyroid cartilage

Question 17

What makes up thyroid gland? Function?

Answer 17

R and L lobes
Produces hormones
Regulated by pituitary gland

Question 18

What joins the R and L lobes of the thyroid gland?

Answer 18

Isthmus

Question 19

Label

Answer 19

Question 20

What innervates the thyroid gland?

Answer 20

L and R superior thyroid arteries- branch ECA
L and R inferior thyroid arteries- branch subcla

Question 21

Function parathyroid glands?

Answer 21

4
Produce parathyroid hormone- role in calcium regulation
Innervated by inferior thyroid arteries

Question 22

Major vessels in neck?

Answer 22

Common carotid arteries- R and L

Question 23

What do CCA bifurcate into?

Answer 23

Internal carotid artery- no branches
enters cranium and
supplies brain
External carotid artery- branches- head, neck
- supplies pharynx, scalp,
thyroid, tongue, face

Question 24

What is the swelling at the point of bifurcation called?

Answer 24

Carotid sinus

Question 25

What monitors blood pressure?

Answer 25

Baroreceptors Visceral sensory info relayed CNS

Question 26

What nerve relays bp info?

Answer 26

Glossopharyngeal

Question 27

What does the subclavian artery supply?

Answer 27

Upper limb Gives rise thyrocervical trunk

Question 28

Function of internal jugular vein? Function subclavian? Merge?

Answer 28

Drain blood from brain and face Unites with subclavian- returns blood from upper limb Forms brachiocephalic unite form superior vena cava

Question 29

Nerves in neck? Function?

Answer 29

Facial (CNVII)- supply platysma Glossopharyngeal (CNIX)- supply pharynx and carotid sinus Vagus (X)- normal speech and swallowing - muscles pharynx (motor) - larynx (motor/sensory) Accessory (CNXI)- sternocleidomastoid, trapezius Hypoglossal (CNXII)- muscles tongue (motor) Phrenic- formed C3, 4, 5 - descend neck, enter thorax - innervate diaphragm

Question 30

What innervates head and neck?

Answer 30

Sympathetic nerves- trunk extend base skull Post-ganglionic- innervate head and neck

Question 31

What is carotid sheath?

Answer 31

Internal jugular vein Internal carotid artery Vagus nerve

Question 32

What nerves control head?

Answer 32

C1, C2, C3 C2- upper area C3- side and back head