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Anatomy- CVR > Pectoral region > Flashcards

Pectoral region Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the sternum in the thoracic cage?

A

Lies anteriorly

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2
Q

What are the parts of the sternum? and what does it articulate with?

A

Manubrium- superior part
- superior border- suprasternal
notch
- articulates laterally with clavicle
at sternoclavicular joint and with
first rib
- articulates inferiorly with
sternum body at
manubriosternal joint- ‘angle of
Louis’
Body- inferior to manubrium
- articulates ribs 2-7
- second rib articulates at sternal angle
- articulates inferiorly with xiphoid
process
Xiphoid process- inferior to body
-seventh rib articulates

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3
Q

Label all lines

A
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4
Q

Label all lines

A
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5
Q

What forms the thoracic cage and how many pairs?

A

12

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6
Q

What cartilage are ribs made of?

A

Costal cartilage

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7
Q

Where do ribs articulate with the costal cartilage?

A

Costochondral joints

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8
Q

Where do ribs 1-7 articulate?

A

Articulate directly with sternum at sternocostal joints- true ribs

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9
Q

Where do ribs 8-10 articulate?

A

Unite and join seventh costal cartilage- false ribs

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10
Q

What is the costal margin?

A

Costal cartilage of ribs 7-10- palpable

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11
Q

What are ribs 11 and 12?

A

Floating ribs
Short- dont articulate with sternum

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12
Q

How do ribs articulate posteriorly?

A

With thorcaic vertebra at costovertebral joints

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13
Q

How are ribs connect to each other?

A

Connected by intercostal muscles- lie in intercostal space

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14
Q

What are typical ribs?

A

3-9 Similar and share anatomical features
Head neck tubercle and body

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15
Q

Label

A
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16
Q

What are atypical ribs?

A

1, 2, 10, 11, 12

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17
Q

How many thoracic vertabrae?

A

12 T1-12

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18
Q

Where do the vertebrae and ribs articulate?

A

Thoracic vertebrae articulate with posterior part at costovertebral joints
Head of rib with body
Tubercle with transverse process

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19
Q

What does the manubrium, first ribs and first thoracic vertebra form?

A

Superior thoracic aperture
Passageway through which structures pass between neck and thorax

20
Q

What rib lies at the sternal angle?

A

Second rib

21
Q

Label thoracic cage

A
22
Q
A
22
Q
A
23
Q

What nerves innervate the skin of thoracic wall?

A

Spinal nerves T1-12
Touch, pain, temp, sweat glands, arrector pilli

24
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

Area of skin innervated by single spinal nerve

25
Q

What is the breast part of?

A

Axillary tail

26
Q

What does the breast contain?

A

● Fat
● Glandular tissue- lobules
● Ducts converge on nipple.
Areola pigmented skin surrounds nipple
● Connective tissue, ligaments
● Blood vessels, lymphatics

27
Q

Label

A
28
Q

What supplies the breast?

A

Internal thoracic artery (arise subclavian)- give ride anterior intercostal
Axillary artery

29
Q

How does blood return in breasts?

A

Axillary
Internal thoracic veins

30
Q

What nerves to breast?

A

Somatic nerves
Sympathetic fibres via intercostal

31
Q

Where does lymph from the breast drain to?

A

Lymph nodes in axilla

32
Q

What are 5 groups of lymph nodes in axilla? and what do they do?

A

Central, pectoral, humeral, subscapular, apical
Drain breast, upper limb, chest, abdominal
Apical drain most lymph from breast

33
Q

What are the three layers of intercostal muscles?

A

External- superficial
Internal
Innermost- deepest

34
Q

What is function of intercostal muscles?

A

Move ribs
Alter dimensions of thoracic to aid insp and exp

35
Q

What is the most superficial muscle of anterior chest wall?

A

Pectoralis major

36
Q

Where is pec major? and function

A

adduct humerous

37
Q

What lies deep to pec major? and function

A

Pectorals minor- smaller muscle
Attaches scapula and ribs 3-5
Protract scapula

38
Q

Superficial muscle that wraps round thoracic cage?

A

Serratus anterior
Attached to scapula and upper 8 ribs
Protract sacpula

39
Q

Label

A
40
Q

Label

A
41
Q

Label

A
42
Q

Function of pec major, minor and serratus anterior?

A

Move upper limb
Pec major- adducts humerous
Pec minor- protract scapula
Serratus anterior- protract scapula
Also act accessory muscles- attach ribs- if used in resp distress

43
Q

What disease is associated with dermatomes?

A

Shingles- reactivation herpes
Dormant in dorsal root ganglion- activated- rash in dermatome with affected spinal nerve

44
Q

Where does most lymph drain and why can be issue?

A

Axillary nodes- malignant spread here first
Removed issue as nothing to reduce swelling and fluid lead lymphoedema

45
Q

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Diagram-of-the-mediastinum-on-cross-section-1-right-superior-vena-cava-RSVC-2-left_fig4_7550884

A

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Diagram-of-the-mediastinum-on-cross-section-1-right-superior-vena-cava-RSVC-2-left_fig4_7550884

Anatomy- CVR (8 decks)

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