Nephrotic Syndrome

Question 1

Characteristics of nephrotic syndrome ?

Answer 1

1. Hypoalbuminemia-Pitting edema
2. Hypogammaglobulinemia-Risk of infection
3. Hypercoagulable state- AT-III LOSS
4. Hyperlipidemia
5. Hypercholesterolemia -fatty cast in urine

Pathoma-127

Question 2

Association of MCD ?

Answer 2

Hodgkin lymphoma

Question 2

Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children ?

Answer 2

Minimal change disease
MCD

Question 3

Electron microscopy result of MCD ?

Answer 3

Effacement of foot processes

Question 3

H & E stain result of MCD ?

Answer 3

Normal glomeruli
Maybe FAT in PCT

Question 4

Immunofluorescence result of MCD ?

Answer 4

(-)
NO immune complex deposit

Question 5

Tx of MCD ?

Answer 5

Steroids

PATHOMA-128

Question 6

Manifestation of MCD ?

Answer 6

Selective proteinuria
dec protein
But not Ig

Question 7

Focal
Segmental
Glomerulosclerosis
FSGS

Answer 7

Most common in African american and Hispanics

Question 8

Association of FSGS ?

Answer 8

1. HIV
2. Heroin use
3. Sickle cell D

Question 9

H & E stain result of FSGS ?

Answer 9

Focal=Some glomeruli
Segmental =Only part of glomeruli

Question 10

IF test of FSGS ?

Answer 10

NO immune complexs
(-)

Question 10

Electron microscope result of FSGS ?

Answer 10

Effacment of foot processes

Question 11

Tx of FSGS ?

Answer 11

Steroid poor response

Question 12

Progression of FSGS ?

Answer 12

Chronic Renal F

Question 13

Association of MN ?

Answer 13

1. Hepatitis - B & C
2. Solid tumor
3. SLE
4. NSAIDs
5. Penicillamine

Question 13

Membranous nephropathy ?

Common ?

Answer 13

Caucasian adults

Question 14

Tx & Progression of MN ?

Answer 14

Same as FSGS

Question 15

H & E result of MN ?

Answer 15

Thick glomerular basement membrane

Question 16

IF result of MN ?

Answer 16

(+)
Immune complex deposit

Question 17

H & E Stain result in Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis?

Answer 17

Thick glomerular basement membrane

Question 17

Histo of MN ?

Answer 17

Subepithelial deposits
Spike & Dome appearance on EM

Question 18

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis ?—

Histo ?

Answer 18

Tram -track appearance

Question 19

IF result of MProGN?

Answer 19

+

Question 20

Types of MProGN ?

Answer 20

1. Type-1=Subendothelial 2. Type-2=Intramembranous

Question 21

Subendothelial MProGN association ?

Answer 21

1. HBV 2. HCV

Question 22

Dense deposit disease = Intramembranous MPROGN association ?

Answer 22

C3 nephritic factor ## Footnote autoantibody that stabilize C3 convertases == over activity of complement , inflammation , low level of circulating C3

Question 23

Poor response to steroid which nephrotic syndromes ?

Answer 23

1. FSGS 2. MN 3. MProGN

Question 24

Tram Track appearance in H & E ?

Answer 24

MProGN

Question 25

DM manifestation ?

Answer 25

1. High serum level 2. Non enzymatic glycosylation of the vascular BM 3. Hyaline arteriosclerosis

Question 26

Tx of DM for Nephrotic syndrome ?

Answer 26

ACEi - Slow progression of Hyperfiltration induced damage

Question 27

Features of DM ?

Answer 27

1. Efferent arteriole more damaged than afferent arteriole =HIGH GFR -- GF pressure

Question 28

Hyperfiltration result in DM ?

Answer 28

Microalbuminuria

Question 29

Diabetic nephropathy which nodule ?

Answer 29

Kimmelstiel-Wilson Nodules

Question 30

Mesangium fate in Diabetic nephropathy ?????

Answer 30

Sclerosis

Question 31

Amyloid deposti in ----------------- resulting in nephrotic syndrome ?

Answer 31

Mesangium

Question 31

Stain for AMyloidosis ?

Answer 31

Congo red

Question 31

Systemic amyloidosis common organ ?

Answer 31

Kidney

Question 32

Polarized light stain result ?

Answer 32

Apple green bireFringence

Question 33

Kimmelstiel-Wilson Nodule Dx >?

Answer 33

Diabetic Nephropathy