Nephrotic Syndrome

Question 1

What is nephrotic syndrome

Answer 1

Is a syndrome caused by an increase in capillary permeability of the glomeruli to plasma proteins due to thickening leading to a massive proteinuria

Question 2

What is a triad of ?

4

Answer 2

persistent proteinuria >3.5g/day
hypoalbuminemia <25g/l
oedema
severe hyperlipidaemia >10 mmol/l

Question 3

What are the 3 primary causes of nephrotic syndrome ?

Answer 3

Minimal change nephropathy
membranous and proliferative nephropathy
focal segmental glomerulonephritis

Question 4

What is another primary cause of nephrotic syndrome not mentioned ?

Answer 4

mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis

Question 5

What are the 9 secondary causes of nephrotic syndrome ?

Answer 5

Sorry DAD My Drugs and Gold led To Hep B and ;C
1. SLE, 2. DM, 3. amyloidosis, 4.drugs:Nsaids and penicillamine /preeclampsia, 5.Malaria and malignancy, 6. Drugs of abuse,e,g Heroin, 7. Gold 8 Anti-TNF and 9.Hepatitis B and C

Question 6

What is the primary cause of persistent proteinuria ?

Answer 6

glomerulonephritis

Question 7

What are the five secondary causes of persistent proteinuria ? 😭

Answer 7

1. DM 2. CCF, 3. vasculitis, 4. hypertension. 5, myeloma

Question 8

Investigations

Answer 8

B

Question 9

Rx

Answer 9

V