Nerve cell physiology

Question 1

nerve cells

Answer 1

excitation and inhibition
Regulation of sensorimotor and higher functions (speech,
swallowing, cough, cognition and language)

Question 2

speech sensorimotor function

Answer 2

hearing speech to correct it

Question 3

swallowing sensorimotor function

Answer 3

need something in mouth to swallow

Question 4

coughing sensorimotor function

Answer 4

feel something in throat needing to cough

Question 5

glial cell

Answer 5

protect and repair
stores long term memory info
synaptic development

Question 6

afferent communication

Answer 6

sensory signals ascending from PNS to CNS

Question 7

efferent communication

Answer 7

motor signals descending from CNS to PNS

Question 8

2 neurotransmitters

Answer 8

epinephrine
norepinephrine

Question 9

epinephrine

Answer 9

excites heart
fight or flight response

Question 10

norepinephrine

Answer 10

attention
alertness
mood

Question 11

morphological characteristics of neuron

Answer 11

dendrite
soma
axon
axon hillock
myelin sheath
nodes of ranvier
teleodendria
terminal boutons/synaptic vesicles
neurotransmitters
synaptic cleft

Question 12

dendrite

Answer 12

receives information carrying towards cell body

Question 13

soma

Answer 13

integrates incoming signals and generates action potential

Question 14

axon

Answer 14

transmits information from neuron

Question 15

axon hillock

Answer 15

junction of axon and soma

Question 16

myelin sheath

Answer 16

axon covering that speeds up neural transmission

Question 17

nodes of ranvier

Answer 17

nerve conduction

Question 18

telodendria

Answer 18

long thin projections at end of axon

Question 19

boutons

Answer 19

at the end of telodendria containing synaptic vesicles

Question 20

neurotransmitter

Answer 20

transmits neural chemical from one neuron to another

Question 21

synaptic cleft

Answer 21

gap between 2 neurons

Question 22

where does axon potential arrive

Answer 22

end of pre synaptic axon causing release of neurotransmitter molecules opening ion channels in post synaptic neuron

Question 23

action potential

Answer 23

result of ions moving in and out of cell
potassium and sodium

Question 24

what happens when action potential travels down the axon

Answer 24

changes polarity in membrane

Question 25

what do sodium and potassium channels do in response to another neuron

Answer 25

open and close

Question 26

depolarization

Answer 26

beginning sodium channels open and moves into axon

Question 27

repolarization

Answer 27

after depolarization potassium channels open and moves out of axon

Question 28

sodium ion has to ___ and potassium ion has to ___

Answer 28

come in go out

Question 29

what happens when sodium moves in and potassium moves out

Answer 29

changes polarity between outside of cell and inside