Swallowing

Question 1

different stages of swallowing

Answer 1

oral prep
oral transit
pharyngeal
esophageal

Question 2

oral prep stage

Answer 2

voluntary
structures: motor cortex

Question 3

oral transit

Answer 3

tongue pushes bolus toward pharynx

Question 4

pharyngeal

Answer 4

reflexive
brainstem (medulla)
central pattern generator coordinates airway protection and bolus movement

Question 5

esophageal

Answer 5

involuntary
brainstem and autonomic nervous system control peristalsis
dysphagia

Question 6

levels of structures involved

Answer 6

cerebral cortex
brainstem
peripheral nerves

Question 7

brainstem nuclei involved in swallowing

Answer 7

nucleus tractus solitarius
nucleus ambiguous
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve

Question 8

Central pattern generator

Answer 8

in brainstem
coordinates muscle movements in swallowing

Question 9

silent aspiration

Answer 9

food/liquid entering airway without triggering cough reflex often due to impaired sensation or coordination

Question 10

causes of dysphagia

Answer 10

neurological disorders
structural abnormalities
muscular disorders