Flashcards in Nervous System 1 Deck (62):
1
Function of nervous system
Directs bodily activities
Maintains homeostasis
Circulates info
Thought action learning emotion
2
What does the nervous system include?
All neural tissues in the body
3
What are the thee main overlapping functions?
Sensory, motor, integrative functions
4
This function component uses millions of sensory receptors of different types to monitor changes both inside and outside the body
Sensory
5
Changes both inside and outside of the body
Stimuli
6
Information gathered by sensory receptors (conveyed to integration center)
Sensory input
7
What can be receptors?
Glands, skeletal muscles, cardiac muscles or smooth muscle
8
2 major anatomical subdivisions
Central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
9
System with brain and spinal cord
CNS
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System that includes every nervous tissue except brain and spinal cord
PNS
11
What is the PNS divided into?
Sensory (afferent)
Motor (efferent)
12
output comes in 2 forms
autonomic
somatic
13
output refers to voluntary movement (ex contraction of skeletal muscle)
somatic
14
ouput refers to motor to the viscera and isnt under voluntary control
autonomic (ANS)
15
out put that conducts impulses from CNS to cardiac muscle comprising the heart
autonomic
16
output that contraction of skeletal muscles
somatic
17
output that the smooth muscle in walls of hollow organs and to glands which produce various types of secretions
autonomic
18
division of ANS that accelerates and mobilizes the body's organ systems
sympathetic division of ANS
19
division of ANS that converses energy, promotes housekeeping, functions at rest.
parasympathetic
20
basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system
neurons
21
function of neurons
recieve process generate stimuli
22
supportive cells of the nervous system that separate and protect neurons (ratio 10:1)
neuroglia (literally means neuron glue)
23
what can be formed from neuroglia
brain tumors (gliomas)
24
which system is neuroglia found?
CNS and PNS
25
what neuroglia cells does the CNS include
astocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells
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neuroglia cell that is most numerous and indispensible
astrocytes (look like stars)
27
what do astrocytes assist in health?
metabolism of neurotransmitters
maintain K levels (so neurons can generate action potentials)
28
neuroglia that assists in creating blood brain barrier, obtains nutrients and gets rid of wastes by connecting with blood vessels
astrocytes
29
neuroglia that are small phagocytic cells derived from circulating blood monoytes
aka defensive cells in CNS
microglia
30
nueuroglia cells that help destroy invading pathogenic organisms or clear out cellular debris
microglia
31
cells that have several branches and produce insulating myelin sheaths of CNS
oligodendrocytes
32
ciliated cells that line spaces in the brain 9(ventricles) and central canal
ependymal cells
33
neurilemmocyte that produces the myelin sheath of the PNS
schwann cell and satelite cells
34
outer surface of the schwann cell
neurilemma
35
cells that surround/support the ganglia; regulare the environment around the neuron cell bodies
satelite cells
36
clusters of neuron cell bodies occuring in the PNS
ganglia
37
why is myelination important
speeds up transmission
38
insulating layer of lipid combined iwht protein
myelin
39
a flip flop of positive and negative chard on the inside and outside of the axon membrane
depolarization
40
area on an axon that that lacks myelin
nodes
41
what does an action potential do when it comes to a node? called?
it "jumps" called saltatory conduction
42
an autoimmune disorder in which cells of the immune system fail to recognize the myelin as self and begins attacking it (demyelinating disease)
multiple sclerosis
43
when an axon branches as it approaches the post synaptic cells, they give off collaterals called
telodendria
44
a site of communication between 2 excitable cells
synapse
45
transport in the wrong direction
retrograde
46
transport that occurs in both directions
axoplasmic
47
small neurons with no visible distinction between axons and dendrites
anaxonic neurons
48
thses neurons occur in special sense organs (sight, smell, hearing)
bipolar neurons
49
neurons that have dendrite and axon that are continuous (fused) and the cell body lies off to one side
unipolar neurons
50
neurons that have 2 or more dendrites and one axon; most common
multipolar neurons
51
neurons that conduct impulses from the skin muscle or viscera to the CNS
sensory or afferent neurons
52
sensory receptors that monitor the digestive, resp, cardio, urinary, and reproductive system
interoceptors
53
sensory receptors that proved info about the exter environment
exteroreceptors
54
sensory receptors that monitor the position and movement of skeletal muscles and joints
proprioceptors
55
neurons that complete the communication pathway between sensory and motor neurons
association neurons
56
where do the association cell bodies lie
CNS
57
neurons can be repaired under these conditions
-schwann cells are still active and intact
-cell body (soma) is undamaged
58
when the nucleus migrates to the periphery and Nissl bodies break down in a process
chromatolysis
59
axon distal to the site of injury degenerates along with myeling sheath
wallerian degeneration
60
what cells go to the site of degeneration to clean out debris
macrophages
61
regeneration of an injured axon involves synthesis of new
nissl bodies (as well as mRNA and rRNA)
62