Nervous System 1

Question 1

Function of nervous system

Answer 1

Directs bodily activities
Maintains homeostasis
Circulates info
Thought action learning emotion

Question 2

What does the nervous system include?

Answer 2

All neural tissues in the body

Question 3

What are the thee main overlapping functions?

Answer 3

Sensory, motor, integrative functions

Question 4

This function component uses millions of sensory receptors of different types to monitor changes both inside and outside the body

Answer 4

Sensory

Question 5

Changes both inside and outside of the body

Answer 5

Stimuli

Question 6

Information gathered by sensory receptors (conveyed to integration center)

Answer 6

Sensory input

Question 7

What can be receptors?

Answer 7

Glands, skeletal muscles, cardiac muscles or smooth muscle

Question 8

2 major anatomical subdivisions

Answer 8

Central nervous system

Peripheral nervous system

Question 9

System with brain and spinal cord

Answer 9

CNS

Question 10

System that includes every nervous tissue except brain and spinal cord

Answer 10

PNS

Question 11

What is the PNS divided into?

Answer 11

Sensory (afferent)

Motor (efferent)

Question 12

output comes in 2 forms

Answer 12

autonomic

somatic

Question 13

output refers to voluntary movement (ex contraction of skeletal muscle)

Answer 13

somatic

Question 14

ouput refers to motor to the viscera and isnt under voluntary control

Answer 14

autonomic (ANS)

Question 15

out put that conducts impulses from CNS to cardiac muscle comprising the heart

Answer 15

autonomic

Question 16

output that contraction of skeletal muscles

Answer 16

somatic

Question 17

output that the smooth muscle in walls of hollow organs and to glands which produce various types of secretions

Answer 17

autonomic

Question 18

division of ANS that accelerates and mobilizes the body’s organ systems

Answer 18

sympathetic division of ANS

Question 19

division of ANS that converses energy, promotes housekeeping, functions at rest.

Answer 19

parasympathetic

Question 20

basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system

Answer 20

neurons

Question 21

function of neurons

Answer 21

recieve process generate stimuli

Question 22

supportive cells of the nervous system that separate and protect neurons (ratio 10:1)

Answer 22

neuroglia (literally means neuron glue)

Question 23

what can be formed from neuroglia

Answer 23

brain tumors (gliomas)

Question 24

which system is neuroglia found?

Answer 24

CNS and PNS

Question 25

what neuroglia cells does the CNS include

Answer 25

astocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells

Question 26

neuroglia cell that is most numerous and indispensible

Answer 26

astrocytes (look like stars)

Question 27

what do astrocytes assist in health?

Answer 27

metabolism of neurotransmitters | maintain K levels (so neurons can generate action potentials)

Question 28

neuroglia that assists in creating blood brain barrier, obtains nutrients and gets rid of wastes by connecting with blood vessels

Answer 28

astrocytes

Question 29

neuroglia that are small phagocytic cells derived from circulating blood monoytes aka defensive cells in CNS

Answer 29

microglia

Question 30

nueuroglia cells that help destroy invading pathogenic organisms or clear out cellular debris

Answer 30

microglia

Question 31

cells that have several branches and produce insulating myelin sheaths of CNS

Answer 31

oligodendrocytes

Question 32

ciliated cells that line spaces in the brain 9(ventricles) and central canal

Answer 32

ependymal cells

Question 33

neurilemmocyte that produces the myelin sheath of the PNS

Answer 33

schwann cell and satelite cells

Question 34

outer surface of the schwann cell

Answer 34

neurilemma

Question 35

cells that surround/support the ganglia; regulare the environment around the neuron cell bodies

Answer 35

satelite cells

Question 36

clusters of neuron cell bodies occuring in the PNS

Answer 36

ganglia

Question 37

why is myelination important

Answer 37

speeds up transmission

Question 38

insulating layer of lipid combined iwht protein

Answer 38

myelin

Question 39

a flip flop of positive and negative chard on the inside and outside of the axon membrane

Answer 39

depolarization

Question 40

area on an axon that that lacks myelin

Answer 40

nodes

Question 41

what does an action potential do when it comes to a node? called?

Answer 41

it "jumps" called saltatory conduction

Question 42

an autoimmune disorder in which cells of the immune system fail to recognize the myelin as self and begins attacking it (demyelinating disease)

Answer 42

multiple sclerosis

Question 43

when an axon branches as it approaches the post synaptic cells, they give off collaterals called

Answer 43

telodendria

Question 44

a site of communication between 2 excitable cells

Answer 44

synapse

Question 45

transport in the wrong direction

Answer 45

retrograde

Question 46

transport that occurs in both directions

Answer 46

axoplasmic

Question 47

small neurons with no visible distinction between axons and dendrites

Answer 47

anaxonic neurons

Question 48

thses neurons occur in special sense organs (sight, smell, hearing)

Answer 48

bipolar neurons

Question 49

neurons that have dendrite and axon that are continuous (fused) and the cell body lies off to one side

Answer 49

unipolar neurons

Question 50

neurons that have 2 or more dendrites and one axon; most common

Answer 50

multipolar neurons

Question 51

neurons that conduct impulses from the skin muscle or viscera to the CNS

Answer 51

sensory or afferent neurons

Question 52

sensory receptors that monitor the digestive, resp, cardio, urinary, and reproductive system

Answer 52

interoceptors

Question 53

sensory receptors that proved info about the exter environment

Answer 53

exteroreceptors

Question 54

sensory receptors that monitor the position and movement of skeletal muscles and joints

Answer 54

proprioceptors

Question 55

neurons that complete the communication pathway between sensory and motor neurons

Answer 55

association neurons

Question 56

where do the association cell bodies lie

Answer 56

CNS

Question 57

neurons can be repaired under these conditions

Answer 57

- schwann cells are still active and intact | - cell body (soma) is undamaged

Question 58

when the nucleus migrates to the periphery and Nissl bodies break down in a process

Answer 58

chromatolysis

Question 59

axon distal to the site of injury degenerates along with myeling sheath

Answer 59

wallerian degeneration

Question 60

what cells go to the site of degeneration to clean out debris

Answer 60

macrophages

Question 61

regeneration of an injured axon involves synthesis of new

Answer 61

nissl bodies (as well as mRNA and rRNA)

Question 62

what begins to multiply mitotically and form a tuve that bridges across the injured area

Answer 62

neurilemmocytes